Productivity and quality of winter wheat for long-term use of fertilizers

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Productivity and quality of winter wheat for long-term use of fertilizers

Journal Title: «Таврійський науковий вісник» - Year 2018, Vol 101, Issue

Abstract

The article presents the results of studies of the effects of prolonged use of fertilizers on southern black soil in field crop rotation in conditions of the black sea steppes of Ukraine on yield, biochemical and physical indicators of grain quality of soft winter wheat, predecessors of which the first four rotations were fallow, peas, corn MVD, in five and the sixth – fallow, green manure couples, winter rape, winter wheat. Fertilizers and predecessors are the most important elements of technology of cultivation of winter wheat, the effectiveness of which is affected by weather conditions specific soil and climatic zones. The results obtained in long-term stationary experiments, provide the most obstina information on these issues. Purpose – establish the influence of continuous application of different fertilization systems on yield and grain quality of winter wheat. Field experience founded in 1972, on the southern chernozems in accordance with the techniques of experimental work. Studied 17 systems of fertilizers during the four rotations included a zero option, organic, mineral and organo-mineral with different ratio of nutrients. The manure was applied twice in the rotation under fallow and maize of the Ministry of interior; with the 5th turnover in the rotation introduced siderale pairs. Studied sequentially increasing doses of mineral nitrogen in complete fertilizers: the first to the third rotation N60, N90, N120 in the background Р40К40 and Р60К60, in the fourth rotation – N30, N45, N60 amid Р20К20 and Р30К30 and in the last two – N60, N120, N180, which was made both in pure form and in the composition of complete fertilizer on the background P30K30 and P60K60. Agrotechnics in the experiment, except vevcani factors, common for the conditions of South of Ukraine. It is established that the gain of a crop when growing winter wheat on the black pair for the first 34 years were at the level of 12,7%, following 11 – 32,9%, with the deterioration of the predecessor absolute value of yield decrease in relation to the black pair, but a growth regarding zero increase in the number of “pairs siderale → peas → corn MIA → stubble predecessor” from 34,2% to 71,9%. Mineral fertilizers improve the weight of 1 000 grains, nature of grain and hardness of 7,2% to 8,8% and 7,9% at SCC of >1 and regardless of weather conditions, increase the content of protein in grain and gluten, but there is a definite impact on the quality of gluten the grain of winter wheat. The correlation analysis of an array of long-term data revealed a dependence on the level of high between yield and mass of 1 000 grains (r=0,81) between the yield and content of protein and gluten (r=0,66–0,68), and protein and gluten among themselves (pair correlation coefficient of 0,88; determination – of 0,79). So, at a high level of fertility of southern black soil the content of available forms of phosphorus and potassium are economically advantageous rates of application and N60 and N60Р30К30 that only at the expense of yield gains provide additional 1350–1800 UAH/ha. Return 1 kg of nitrogen to the growth of grain at the application dose of N60 is 14,3 kg/kg, N120 – 14,0 kg/kg and N180 – 10,7 kg/kg; agronomic efficiency is almost the same for introducing one nitrogen in pure form and in the background Р30К30, and in the background Р60К60 above 71,4%, 14,3 8,8%. Mineral and organic-mineral fertilizer system with long-term use to provide the protein and gluten contents in grain that meets the requirements of class 2. The average for 2007–2017 years of research of mineral fertilizer increased the grain belkovoi by 1,11 to 3,25% absolute at SNR=0,67, and the content of gluten – 3,0 to 10,5% at SNR=2,2; observed a significant improvement in the rate of glassiness at the maximum dose of nitrogen N180; N180P30K30 and N180P60K60 11,3% to 14,1% and 11,1% at SNR=10,0

Authors and Affiliations

А. І. КРИВЕНКО, С. І. БУРИКІНА

Keywords

Optimization of fertilizer and plant protection systems to improve the seed productivity of winter wheat in Southern Ukraine

The article reflects the results of research on optimization of fertilizer and plant protection systems aimed at increasing the seed productivity of winter wheat in the Southern Ukraine. It has been established that the...

EP ID EP596027
DOI -
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