A study of incidence and risk factors of surgical site infection
Journal Title: MedPulse -International Medical Journal - Year 2016, Vol 3, Issue 4
Abstract
Introduction: Surgical site infections (SSI) are commonest nosocomial infections after Urinary tract infections (UTI), responsible for increasing cost, substantial morbidity and occasional mortality related to surgical operations and continue to be major problem even in hospital with most modern facilities and standard protocols of pre- operative preparation and antibiotic prophylaxis. Aims and Objectives: To Study Incidence and Risk Factors of Surgical Site Infection Material and Methods: This was a prospective study conducted at the Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research institute, a tertiary health care centre. The patients admitted for elective clean and clean contaminated surgical procedures in the department of general surgery, Orthopaedics, Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Cardiothoracic surgery units were included in the study. A total of 945 cases were enrolled over a period of one year (December 2005 to January 2007). Surveillance was done by reviewing patient’s case sheets (following doctor’s daily notes, fever, drug charts and operative notes) as well as by directly questioning the patient, surgeon and staff nurse for any signs and symptoms of infection. The statistical analysis was done by Chi-square test. Result: Out of total of 459 cases in clean procedures, 14 developed SSI giving an overall infection rate of 3.0%. In clean contaminated procedures infection rate was shown to be 6.2% (15/241). It was seen that risk of infection is higher in patients who had Personal Habits (risk factor) if they underwent a clean surgical procedure. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p=0.048).Out study in clean cases showed an increase rate of infection 6.21% (11/177) in those patients whom surgery lasted >2 hours when compared to infection rate of 1.06% (3.282) in those patients whose surgery lasted <2 hours. This difference was found to be statistically significant (p=0.000654).In clean wound with risk factors of immune-compromised state was significantly associated with SSI (P<0.050 ) Conclusion: In clean wounds the risk factors like Personal Habits(risk factor), surgery lasted >2 hours, immune-compromised state were significantly associated with SSI but these factors were not co-related in contaminated wounds.
Authors and Affiliations
Senita Samuel, Kennedy Kumar P, Kopula Sridharan S, Uma Sekar
Keywords
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