ACCOUNTING SUPPORT FOR STOCK MANAGEMENT OF TRADING ENTERPRISES
Journal Title: Держава та регіони. Серія: Економіка та підприємництво - Year 2018, Vol 3, Issue 102
Abstract
The reliability, objectivity, and completeness of reflection in the accounting and reporting of economic facts associated with the movement of goods depends on the accuracy of the definition, as well as the truth and impartiality of all essential indicators for users, which characterize the results of economic activity and the real financial situation of the enterprise of the trading company. Commodity stocks – are purchased or received by the company goods intended for further resale, it is current assets, the realization of which should bring profits. In this case, the company, as a rule, does not make significant changes in their physical form, already at the time of purchase, they are finished products. The foregoing makes it possible to assert that commodity stocks are products that are expected to be realized. They are formed for the purpose of continuous sale of goods in the event of a failure in the process of supply and continuous updating. The volume of stocks depends on the scale of activity, the main feature of which is the increase in mobility, that is, the possibility of manoeuvring goods to meet a greater number of consumers, whose needs in products do not coincide in time. Thus, the existence of inventories as a category of commodity rotation is due to the need to ensure the normal process of rotation of goods. A characteristic feature of stocks is that they belong to current assets, that is, they are intended for sale or consumption within one operational cycle (and not several, such as fixed assets), or within 12 months from the balance sheet date. The article proposes to classify commodity stocks for the purpose of rational organization of accounting and control at trade enterprises. The factors influencing the maintenance of uninterrupted activity of trading enterprises are determined. The listed factors, acting separately or in certain groups, tend to increase inventories. Thus, the listed conceptual and essential features of inventories must be taken into account when constructing an efficient accounting and control system. Classification of inventories in accounting is defined by the Instruction 291. The article presents the characteristics of sub-accounts for the inventory accounting and it is proved that information on the accounts of the stock of inventories at the enterprise creates the stages of management of this enterprise. Thus, the allocation of a classification mark is important both for the purposes of accounting and for making decisions in the process of managing a trading enterprise. Generalized information on inventory management in the trading system accounting system. The management of commodity stocks is carried out at different levels and includes a set of measures aimed at creating and maintaining their optimum volume. Taking into account that the main functions of management are an organization, planning, motivation, and control, the article proposes the process of managing inventories to carry out subsystems of a qualitatively different level of structural organization and in sequence. The theory and practice prove that the managerial unit, adopting optimal, well-considered solutions, cannot exist without the information product that accountants create using special techniques. They create information about the “entrance”, that is, the existing state of the enterprise (the movement of assets, capital, and liabilities, that is, its “being”), as well as the predicted states in which the enterprise should go, that is, “exit”. This suggests that accounting is an element of the system of information management support, a tool for collecting, processing, transmitting, and interpreting information on the activities of the entity in terms of costs and benefits arising from the movement of inventories. Thus, inventory management is very important in the enterprise. It is precisely because we can assess the security of the company’s inventory, create a rhythmic and uninterrupted sale of goods, and make future profit forecasts. Proper management of inventories significantly affects the financial position of the trading company. The presence or absence of inventories leads to both revenue and expenses. Each company chooses the form of inventory management based on personal needs and the current state of consumer demand.
Authors and Affiliations
О. M. Yeremian
Keywords
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