Adrenal Adenoma Causing Secondary Hypertension. A Review of the Literature
Journal Title: Journal of Endocrinology and Diabetes - Year 2018, Vol 5, Issue 6
Abstract
Arterial hypertension (HTN) of endocrine origin accounts for 5 to 10% of cases of secondary hypertension. Although this form of hypertension is rare, the identification and treatment of the underlying cause could lead to healing or significant improvement in hypertension, thereby decreasing the cardiovascular risk and morbidity associated with hypertension. Endocrine causes of secondary hypertension are primary hyperaldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, Cushing’s syndrome (CS), acromegaly, hyperparathyroidism, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and secretory tumors of renin. The adrenal hypertension is the most frequent and the most frequently curable. Epidemiological data on hypertension associated with CS are largely retrospective. However, the available data suggested that 70– 85% of adult patients with endogenous CS suffer from hypertension, compared to approximately 20% of patients long-term treated with exogenous corticosteroids. The mechanisms involved in the development of hypertension during CS are complex and only partially understood. The main data concerning the renin-angiotensin system, the mineral corticoid activity, the sympathetic nervous system and the vasoregulatory system, together with the indirect mechanisms, which contribute to the development of CS-related hypertension. The definitive therapy of CS-related hypertension is the surgical removal of the tumor responsible for the disease. Interestingly, mortality data show that adequate control of hypercortisolemia does not always lead to BP normalization. Some studies show a normalization of increased cardiovascular risk after immediate surgical cure of Cushing’s disease, while others did not.
Authors and Affiliations
Ali Lounici, Esma Tabti, Abdelghani Benmekki, Mohammed Hadi Bestaoui
Keywords
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- EP ID EP427575
- DOI 10.15226/2374-6890/5/6/001122
- Views 114
- Downloads 0
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