Adverse Vaccination Reactions in Animals and Man
Journal Title: International Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Research Studies - Year 2021, Vol 1, Issue 05
Abstract
It was only possible because of vaccination that we were able to create a safe environment for us and animals/ pets. If it was not for rabies vaccination, we never would have kept dogs and cats as our companion animals as we do now, and we never would have been able to protect our domestic animals from diseases that not only reduce the productivity but may even be deadly. But the vaccines comes with their own adverse effects such as hypersensitivity reactions which occur due to some component of the infectious agent or one of its products; due to stabilizers like gelatin; due to adjuvants like aluminium hydroxide; due to preservatives like thiomersal; due to antibiotics like neomycin; and due to a biological culture medium like chicken embryo cells. Other adverse effects include autoimmune disorders like immune mediated hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and neoplastic diseases like fibrosarcomas. Lack of efficacy, interference with diagnostic testing and other occasional suspected product-related issues have also been reported as adverse vaccination reactions. An absence of adverse reaction indicates that the immune system has not been stimulated but due to variability in the vaccines immune system, environmental conditions and the nature of the vaccine, sometimes there may be excessive stimulation of immune system thus causing serious reactions. The common reasons for occurrence of vaccine reactions are contamination of vaccines with extraneous chemical agents, failure to inactivate the vaccine organism in a killed vaccine, adverse vaccine reactions due to vaccine-induced immune suppression, adverse vaccine reactions due to excessive induction of cytokine release. Also other adverse reactions are due to human errors like administration at the wrong site or improper dilution of the vaccines, or improper storage or transportation of vaccines and thus can be minimized. Also some vaccine reactions occur due to simultaneous administration of different vaccines so is preventable. Due to a marked degree of underreporting and a bias toward more severe adverse reactions, proper data for the vaccine reactions is not available from field conditions, also due to limited number of animals used during vaccine trials, there is no accurate data even in controlled settings as to how much adverse reactions can be expected while administering a vaccine. To solve this problem post marketing surveillance for all the vaccines should be done which should involve four interrelated components, namely, data collection, analysis, interpretation, and timely dissemination. To tackle this problem of adverse vaccination reaction we can also go for double blind placebo trails as are done for drug testing in which comparison is done between vaccinated and unvaccinated group and not just one vaccinated group with other vaccinated group.
Authors and Affiliations
Manisha Parihar, RS Chauhan
Keywords
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- EP ID EP713225
- DOI 10.47191/ijmscrs/v1-i5-03
- Views 71
- Downloads 0
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