An athlete’s criminal liability towards spectators
Journal Title: International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology - Year 2017, Vol 6, Issue 3
Abstract
Basically and according to clause of article 158 of the Islamic penal code, approved in 2013 (sporting activities and accidents resulting from it, if the reason of accidents do not violate the rules related to that sport and these regulation are not in conflict with religious rules) there will be no criminal liability for the athlete. As it appears the athlete that will be exempted from any criminal offense when he has not violated the rules, however, if the athletes is offender whether the injured is opponent athlete or one of the spectators, the offending athletes will be liable for the penalty. In other words, what kind of criminal responsibility would be in these cases, if the act committed by him towards the spectator was deliberate (which would warrants retaliation) or a psedudo_deliberate error (which would warrants the payment of atonement and also sanction punishment it means that imprisonment 1 to 3 years in case of victim death by the offending athlete according to article 616 in sanction law) or vasted error (which would warrants prey for a loss by kinsmam) the responsibility of the athlete will be different.But whether the athlete respect to all of the rules he will be completely exempted from the damage that he enters into the spectator or not, is the point of disagreement which this article seeks to ask the question.
Authors and Affiliations
Mohamad Nabipour, Leila Ebrahimy
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP569667
- DOI -
- Views 72
- Downloads 0
Effects of Water and Land-based Sensorimotor Training Programs on Static Balance among University Students
This study examined the effect of sensorimotor training on static balance in two different environments; in water and on land. Thirty non-clinical university male students (aged 22±0.85 years) were divided randomly into...
The effect of 8-week low impact aerobic exercise on plasma fibrinogen concentration in old women
Applied Exercise Physiology focuses on the physiological effects of exercise training on physiological processes, health, and physical well-being. The aim of this study was investigation of effects of 8-week low impact a...
Impact of Prolonged Periods Classroom Settings in Intra-abdominal fat area and its Consequence on Posture/Balance Control among Algerian Childhood College Preparatory School.
The play has been shown to help children adjust to the school setting and to enhance children's learning [1]. Since this theory, the current study was designed to examine the significance of mechanical effects of intra-a...
The Examination and Comparison of Recreational Sports Centers With Regard to Quality of Service
The goal of this study is to analyses private sports centers offering recreational activities in the cities of Izmir and Manisa (Turkey) according to the opinions of voluntary members and compare them based on several va...
Time to failure and neuromuscular response to intermittent isometric exercise at different levels of vascular occlusion: a randomized crossover study
Objectives: The purpose this study was to investigate the effects of different vascular occlusion levels (total occlusion (TO), partial occlusion (PO) or free flow (FF)) during intermittent isometric handgrip exercise (I...