An Innovative Use of Hydroxyapatite (HAp) from Pokea Clam Shells (Batissa violacea var. celebensis) for Toothpaste Manufacturing
Journal Title: Engineering and Technology Journal - Year 2024, Vol 9, Issue 11
Abstract
Innovation research on the use of hydroxyapatite from pokea clam shells (Batissa violacea var. celebensis) for toothpaste manufacturing has been successfully conducted. This study aims to determine how to synthesize and characterize hydroxyapatite (HAp) from pokea shells and the efficiency of its use in making toothpaste. The research process was conducted through hydroxyapatite synthesis and hydroxyapatite toothpaste formulation. The success of this synthesis was proven by the characterization of XRF spectrophotometer, FTIR spectrophotometer and digital optical microscope. The results of XRF analysis showed that the CaO content in the material was 88.21%. The results of FTIR analysis showed that in hydroxyapatite material there was absorption at wave numbers 926 cm-1 and 1024 cm-1 which showed asymmetric strain vibrations and bending vibrations of PO43- groups. The results of XRD characterization of HAp show that the diffraction peak is at an angle of 2θ = 20-57 ° with a crystal size of 46.15 nm and a degree of crystallinity of 85.43%. Digital optical microscope test results at 500x and 1000x magnification, showed hydroxyapatite has a uniform and non-porous shape. The hydroxyapatite toothpaste produced is bone white in color with menthol aroma and slightly rough texture. The resulting toothpaste is homogeneous, the diameter of the distribution that meets the quality requirements of toothpaste is 6.833 cm. The pH measurement result on toothpaste is 5.82 which meets the toothpaste quality requirements. The result of viscosity measurement on toothpaste is 20,000 cpa.s which meets the requirements of toothpaste viscosity. The foam formed is 10 mm where the height of the foam formed has met the requirements. Hydroxyapatite toothpaste has good stability and strong antibacterial activity, where the clear zone formed is 18.7 mm
Authors and Affiliations
Fahmiati , Wa Ode Mimiati , Laode A. Kadir ,Armid,
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP750596
- DOI 10.47191/etj/v9i11.04
- Views 65
- Downloads 0
DISTRIBUTION UTILITY-OWNED EMBEDDED 5MW AC SOLAR POWER A Feasibility Study
Solar energy creates clean, renewable power from the sun and benefits the environment. Alternatives to fossil fuels reduce carbon footprint and greenhouse gases around the globe. Distribution system is a process by which...
Advanced Retrieval Augmented Generation: Multilingual Semantic Retrieval across Document Types by Finetuning Transformer Based Language Models and OCR Integration
This study presents an advanced system for multilingual semantic retrieval of diverse document types, integrating Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) with transformer-based language models and Optical Character Recognit...
Statistical Analysis and Optimization of Work-Rest Cycles in High-Temperature Industrial Environments: Evidence from Iraq's Oil Industry
The results indicate various degrees of heat stress among affected areas. The maximum affected area is Basra (WBGT ranged 33.0°C - 40.4°C), followed by Karbala (WBGT ranged 29.9°C - 36.5°C) then Kirkuk (WBGT ranged 27.5...
MODELLING THE EFFECT OF CONTAMINATION ON THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CEMENT SLURRY USING OIL-BASED MUD AS CONTAMINANT, TO IMPROVE CEMENTING JOB DESIGN AND EXECUTION IN THE OIL & GAS INDUSTRY
Cementing job failure often occurs due to cement slurry contamination with drilling mud during primary cementing and remedial cementing jobs in the oil & gas industry. The enormous consequences of cement slurry contamina...
DESIGN & SIMULATION OF LOW PROFILE COLLINEAR MONOPOLE ANTENNA
The paper presents an idea on the development of collinear type of antenna. The genetic algorithm is used to optimize the two antenna architecture.The ground plane is taken as dimension 100×100×1.5. .On the other hand me...