Artemisia annua L.- Vernonia amygdalina Del: A Potential Herbal Artemisinin Combination Treatment against Malaria
Journal Title: Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International - Year 2016, Vol 14, Issue 3
Abstract
Aim of Study: The aim of the study was to determine the potential of Vernonia amygdalina - Artemisia annua combination as a possible herbal artemisinin combination treatment of malaria. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Kampala Uganda and at the Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi Kenya, from March 2013 to January 2014. Methodology: After authentication of the plants, mature healthy Artemisia annua and Vernonia amygdalina leaves were collected and shade dried over 2 weeks. The dry materials were then each separately extracted by maceration using Petroleum ether and methanol. The filtrates obtained were first concentrated by fanning and then oven dried at 50°C to constant weight of dry extract. Eight groups of Plasmodium berghei ANKA infected mice were treated once daily for 4 days from the day of inoculation as follows; group I, 200 mg/kg bwt of A. annua methanol extract; group II, 125 mg/kg of V. amygdalina methanol extract; group III, 200 mg/kg of A. annua pet ether extract; group IV, 125 mg/kg of V. amgydalina pet ether extract; group V, 125 mg/kg of V. amygdalina + 200 mg/kg of A. annua methanol extracts group; VI, 125 mg/kg of V. amygdalina + 200 mg/kg of A. annua pet ether extracts; group VII (positive control), 15 mg/kg of artemisinin+ 3 mg/kg of naphthoquine and group VIII (negative control), 0.2 ml 10% Tween 80. Parasitaemia in each mice was determined by microscopy on day 5 while survival times were recorded over 30 day period. The means of percent parasitaemia and survival times for each treatment group were determined and differences tested for significances using One-way analysis of variance followed by Student's t-test at P=0.05 using STATA version 13.0 statistical program. Results: The petroleum ether extracts combination produced 100% parasite clearance by day 5 just like the Artemisinin-Napthoquine. The survival times for the herbal combination were however poor and significantly less i.e 10.67±1.09 days compared to more than 30.0 ± 0.0 days for the ACT, P=0.000. Conclusion: The V. amygdalina-A. annua petroleum ether extract combination shows promise for use as a herbal artemisinin combination against malaria however the survival times need improvement to match that of the ACT.
Authors and Affiliations
Nambejja Cissy, Ogwang Patrick Engeu, Onegi Berna, Anyama Norbert, Matu Esther
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP342221
- DOI 10.9734/BJPR/2016/29555
- Views 89
- Downloads 0
Anti-Bacterial Activity of Pigments Isolated From Pigment-Forming Soil Bacteria
Aims: Search for novel antimicrobials such as bacterial pigments is an issue of priority now. This study aims to isolate pigments with anti-bacterial activity from soil bacteria. Methodology: In this study, Pigment form...
Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Studies of Aqueous, Methanolic and n-Hexane Root Extracts of Curcuma longa L. on Albino Rats
Introduction: The rapid increase in the use and consumption of herbal remedies worldwide has been stimulated by several factors, including the notion that most herbal products are safe and effective. Aim: This work was...
Formulation and Evaluation of Oxcarbazepine Suspension: In vitro/In vivo Correlation
Background: Information on economic burden of hypertension is needed for relevant decisions and policies due to escalating cost of disease management. Aims: The study assessed economic burden of pharmacotherapy in hype...
Phytochemical Screening, In-vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Leaves, Stems and Roots of Xanthium strumarium L., (Compositae)
Introduction: Many diseases are associated with oxidative stress caused by free radicals. Current research is directed towards finding naturally occurring antioxidants of plant origin. Xanthium strumarium L. a cocklebur...
Immunity and Sex Concerns on Behaviour
Aims: To find evidence that the immune response modifies behavior by regulating sex hormones. Study Design: Experimental transversal case control study and longitudinal experimental case control study. Place and Durati...