ARTESUNATE RESTORES EXPRESSIVE SPEECH AND IMPROVES COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN A PROFOUNDLY DEAF CHILD WITH DOWN’S SYNDROME FEATURES: LITERATURE REVIEW AND A CASE REPORT
Journal Title: WORLD JOURNAL PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE - Year 2017, Vol 6, Issue 10
Abstract
There is a variable penetrance and severity of the resulting pathologies in the chromosomal disorder, John Langdon Down’s syndrome (DS). Down’s syndrome is the commonest human non-inheritable cause of mental disability and congenital malformations. Mitochondrial function including PI3K - Akt activation, which may be altered by the culprit genes such as nuclear receptor interacting protein-I (NRIPI), is essential for tissue patterning and the specification of neuronal fates by morphogens. It is also important for anti-oxidant defence and early embryogenesis of neural crest-derived elements such as the cranio-facial skeleton. Akt activators/mTOR inhibitors/GSK 3β inhibitors also increase nuclear residence of NFATc, opposing the negative effects of DSCRI/DYRKIA-NRIPI overexpression on mitochondrial function. The decreased antioxidant phenotype with resultant telomere attrition in DS is similar to that in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Prospective therapies which include AMPK/PGC-Iα activators are now in the pipeline, not only to enhance learning and memory, but also to combat DS-associated AD. We report here a case of a 12-year-old Nigerian girl with DS features whose profound deafness and cognitive defect were reversed by low-dose artesunate therapy for 6 weeks. Child’s modified WeeFIM rating score improved from 74.60 ± 6.44 to 115.50 ± 8.56. Cognitive rating (MMSE) score improved from 8.30 ±1.24 to 18.45 ±3.22. Present evidence is that the anti-oxidant and AMPK activator, artesunate, deserves further trials in order to delineate its place as one of the important preventive and treatment remedies for DS.
Authors and Affiliations
Dr. S. E. Oriaifo
Keywords
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