Assessment of physico-chemical characteristics and treatment method of Paper Industry Effluents : a review
Journal Title: International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences - Year 2016, Vol 10, Issue 1
Abstract
The wastewaters generated from production processes of this industry include high concentration of chemicals such as sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfide, bisulfites, elemental chlorine or chlorine dioxide, calcium oxide, hydrochloric acid, colour, very high level of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) ,due to presence of lignin and its derivatives from the raw cellulosic materials , chlorinated compounds, suspended solids (mainly fibres), fatty acids, tannins, resin acids, sulphur and sulphur compounds, etc. The major problems of the wastewaters are high organic content (20-110 kg COD/air dried ton paper), dark brown coloration, adsorbable organic halide (AOX), toxic pollutants, etc . Biological treatment has for some time been state of the art for effluent treatment but as energy costs are soaring new ways of minimizing treatment costs are sought. Increased water reuse by closing up water circuits without ruining the quality of final products is an important aspect. Pretreatment of selected process streams prior to external treatment will in many cases be beneficial from both cost and environmental points of view. Both aerobic and anaerobic treatment systems are feasible to treat wastewater from all types of pulp and paper mills except that bleaching kraft effluents are less suitable for treatment by anaerobic means, as they are more toxic to anaerobic bacteria. The anaerobic treatment of high strength wastewater requires further treatment as it contains high residual COD. A combination using an anaerobic process followed by an aerobic treatment system is a better option, as it can make use of the advantages of both the treatment processes. Color is removed efficiently by fungal treatment, coagulation, chemical oxidation, and ozonation. Chlorinated phenolic compounds and AOX can be removed by adsorption, ozonation and membrane filtration. Combinations of two or more physicochemical processes produce a high removal of toxic pollutants. Combinations of physicochemical and biological treatment processes with optimization of the process provide a long-term solution for pulp and paper mill effluent treatment.
Authors and Affiliations
Azimvand J*| Corresponding author , Ph.D student, Dept. of chemistery, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. email: ch.azimvand@yahoo.com, Mirshokraie SA| Professor, Dept. of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
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