Attenuation of hemodynamic responses to endotracheal intubation: Comparison of clonidine, esmolol, lignocaine and placebo
Journal Title: Medpulse International Journal of Anesthesiology - Year 2018, Vol 7, Issue 2
Abstract
Background: The laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation produce sympathoadrenal responses that alter in systemic arterial blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac rhythm. It leads to little consequences in healthy individuals, but patients with hypertension, coronary artery diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, intracranial pathology and hyperactive airways produce morbidity and mortality. Aim: To compare the efficacy of intravenous clonidine, esmolol, lignocaine, and placebo in attenuating the hemodynamic stress responses to laryngoscopy and intubation. Methods: 120 patients of ASA I and II belonging to the age group of 15 to 60 years of both genders were divided into groups. Group C (clonidine 2 mcg/kg) – 30 patients were given intravenous clonidine 2 mcg/kg 2 minutes before induction. Group E (esmolol 1mg/kg) --30 patients were given intravenous clonidine 1 mg/kg 2 minutes before induction. Group L (lignocaine 1.5mg/kg) – 30 patients were given intravenous lignocaine 1.5mg/kg 2 minutes before induction. Group P (placebo- normal saline) –30 patients were given normal saline 2 minutes before induction. Results: Patients in group C showed the maximum attenuation of both heart rate and blood pressure following endotracheal intubation. Patients in group L showed no significant difference from group P in attenuating circulatory responses, and both lignocaine and placebo were ineffective. No complications reported. Conclusion: IV clonidine in blunting the hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and intubation, followed by esmolol, lignocaine, and placebo were ineffective in blunting the response.
Authors and Affiliations
V Murali Magesh, B Ravindran, M Arun Prakash, M Sunmathi, J M Imran
Keywords
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