Benign Metastasizing Leiomyoma and Intravenous Leiomyomatosis Following Total Hysterectomy: Two Case Reports and a Literature Review
Journal Title: Open Access Journal of Oncology and Medicine - Year 2018, Vol 2, Issue 3
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas are the most common gynecological tumor in women of reproductive age. These tumors are typically benign entities, but uncommonly transition toward tissues of malignant potential. Rare growth patterns of uterine leiomyomata have been observed which include benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML), disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis (DPL), intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL), retroperitoneal leiomyomatosis (RPL) and parasitic leiomyoma (PL). Metastasis of uterine fibroids most commonly appear several years after the diagnosis and removal of uterine leiomyomata by hysterectomy. For two women who sought treatment for BML and IVL in our clinic, we retrospectively outlined and evaluated their specific genetic, pathological, and clinical features with the intention to elucidate possible treatment options. Uterine leiomyomas have been shown to affect up to 30% of women of reproductive ages. They represent the most common gynecologic neoplasm in women [1,2]. Diagnosis of classic uterine leiomyomata by radiology is historically not complex given their typical features on imaging and clinical manifestations. Leiomyomas most commonly arise from the uterus, but can uncharacteristically originate in the vulva, ovaries, bladder, and urethra2. In addition, on rare occasions they have been discovered in the tissues of the skin, soft tissues, skeletal muscle, bone, lymph nodes, mesentery, and retroperitoneum [3]. Benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) is a rare entity. The term itself represents a contradiction in nomenclature. BML can be observed as a mass with histologically benign features, but can also demonstrate metastatic potential and present with diffuse lung tumors. First described by Steiner, Marshall, and Morris, this rare disease has gone by many titles. Steiner recommended the use of the term “metastasizing fibroleiomyoma,” as he thought the label of “benign” was incorrect.
Authors and Affiliations
Nathaniel A Parker, Christopher SR Dakhil, Shaker R Dakhil, Daniel Lalich
Keywords
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- EP ID EP589119
- DOI 10.32474/OAJOM.2018.02.000137
- Views 55
- Downloads 0
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