Can the Dental Practitioner help in the Management of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM-1)?
Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2018, Vol 11, Issue 2
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 (DM-1) is a complex endocrine disorder characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood. This elevation is the result of insulin deficiency, leading to a variety of metabolic abnormalities involving carbohydrate, fat and protein. A number of oral disorders have been associated with Diabetes Mellitus, such as gingivitis and periodontitis. In addition, dental caries, salivary dysfunctions, oral mucosal diseases, oral infections such candidiasis and other neurosensory disorders. In this report, we review the association of oral health and Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 (DM-1) and highlight the role of the dental practitioner in the management. Diabetes Mellitus, is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by disturbed metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and protein, resulting from a deficiency of insulin secretion or its action. It is the most common endocrine/metabolic disorder in childhood and adolescence. The application of molecular biological tools continue to provide remarkable insights into the etiology, the pathophysiology and the genetics of the different forms of Diabetes Mellitus that result from deficient secretion of insulin or its action at the cellular level. Morbidity and mortality stem from metabolic derangements and from the long-term complications that affect small and large vessels resulting inn retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, ischemic heart disease, arterial obstructions and other macrovascular disease and new tissue healing. The acute clinical manifestations can be fully understood in the context of current knowledge of the secretion and action of insulin.Dental Caries: The relationship with Diabetes Mellitus is complex and could be related to the type and nature of the diet given and also diminished salivary flow (Figure 1). However, the literatures present no consistent pattern regarding the relationship of dental caries and diabetes. Salivary dysfunction: Dry mouth or xerostomia has been reported in patients with Diabetes Mellitus [5,10]. Oral Mucosal Diseases, Gingivitis and Periodontitis: A number of oral mucosal lesions, such as candidiasis and aphthous stomatitis have been reported in Diabetes Mellitus. This is often due to poor salivary flow [5,10-12]. Oral candidiasis has been a more consistent finding in patients with diabetes mellitus. Figure 2 periodontal disease is a recognized and well documented complication of diabetes mellitus. Figure 3 data suggest that periodontal disease may increase the risk of experiences poor diabetic control [4]
Authors and Affiliations
Hadeel NA Al Jurayyan, Renad EA Abdel Nabi, Nasir AM Al Jurayyan
Keywords
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- EP ID EP586776
- DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.11.002080
- Views 171
- Downloads 0
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