Challenges of Water Supply Sustainability in an Emerging Economy
Journal Title: IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) - Year 2018, Vol 15, Issue 3
Abstract
Water is a colourless, transparent, odourless, liquid which forms the seas, lakes, rivers, and rain and is the basis of the fluids of living organisms. “All life is water”, said Thales, the Greek philosopher, this paper examines the twin problems which is the access and availability of water resources in Africa especially in Nigeria, Its intricate relationship that exists between their exploitation, use and availability at once, and environmental sustainability. Access to water for different use categories is assessed to be relatively low in the country, even though there are indications of marginal improvement since the advent of a new democratic dispensation. The gap between water need and supply has widened steadily in African continent, despite continuous efforts made to develop the nation’s vast surface and groundwater resources. Acute water shortages afflict the inhabitants of the towns and cities. The paper revealed factors affecting water management in the country include; Lack of effective compliance to policies, weak data base, fragmented responsibility, climate change, poor state of infrastructure, cost intensive, corruption, and low rate of costs recovery as the bulk of available water supply is unmetered and where metered, ridiculously low rates are charged. Thus; in order to ameliorate these challenges; recommendations were made in achieving sustainable water resources. There is need for total compliance to water management policies (both local and international), encourage stakeholder participation, enforcement of existing laws and regulatory responsibilities. There is also a great need for management policy that aims at financial viability and economic efficiency like increasing production and distribution costs.
Authors and Affiliations
Adibe Timothy Nnaemeka, Samuel. E Ugwuanyi, Mmonwuba N. C
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP437911
- DOI 10.9790/1684-1503020614.
- Views 95
- Downloads 0
Corrosion Management and Control in the Petroleum Industry-A Case Study of Practicalities at Kaduna Refinery
Corrosion is preponderant in the petroleum environment because most known factors that can cause to extreme various types of corrosion of a wide range of materials are abundantly present in the physicochemical compositio...
Experimental Study on Geopolymer Concrete
The use of Portland cement in concrete construction is under critical review due to high amount of carbon dioxide gas released to the atmosphere during the production of cement. In recent years, attempts to increase the...
Response of High Rise R.C. Frames with Exponential Dampers Under Seismically Activated Condition
When a structure is subjected to Earthquake, The seismic forces drives the structure into motion. Due to this action a significant amount of energy is induced to the structures. The means by which this energy is dissipat...
Non-Linear Dynamic Analysis of Guyed Towers to Wind Loading
A nonlinear deterministic approach for predicting the wind response of guyed towers is described in this paper. The nature of wind, static and dynamic wind effect are defined. In the present approach, the time space hist...
Progression and Forecasting of Steel Demandin Kenya
Increase in usage of steel in Kenya has been witnessed due to the immense growth in the industrial sector and infrastructure. It is quite evident that as the country transforms herself into a middle income economy, it sh...