Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia: Epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical aspects in two hospitals in Cameroon (DGH and YGH) over 8 years
Journal Title: The Journal of Medical Research - Year 2017, Vol 3, Issue 5
Abstract
Background: Chronic myeloid Leukaemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative syndrome characterised by a proliferation ofthe granular cell lineage. It accountsfor 7 to 15% of leukaemia in adults; its incidence in the world is estimated at 1 to 2 cases per 100000 inhabitants per year. Aim: It was to look into the epidemiological, clinical and biologicalcharacteristicsof CML in our setting. Methods: We carried out a retrospective, transverse descriptive study at two hospitals in Cameroon (Douala General Hospital and Yaounde General Hospital). We I denied files of patients with CML from 2007 to 2014 to collect socio-demographic clinical and biological data and analysed them using Microsoft Excel 2007 and Epi info version 7. Results: We made a census of 126 cases with a mean age of 40,8 ± 13,9 years. The mode age was 26-35 years at 29.37 % of cases. The male to female ratio was 1:4. Concerning occupation we found out that most (26.2%) had informal jobs, followed by 24.6% were housewives. The majority of patients lived in urban areas (73.8%). The patients were mostly diagnosed during routine examinations (63.5%). Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and lymphadenopathy represented respectively; 97.6%, 64.3% and 7.1% of cases. We also found bone pain (7.9%), joint pain (6.4%), fever (6.4%). Leucocytosis was found in all patients with a mean of 167238,3 ± 124282,6 cells/mm3. Anaemia was found in a 81.7% of cases. It was mild , moderate or sever at 14.3%, 50.8%, 16.6% of cases respectively and haemoglobin concentration varied between 1.2 to 15.3 g/dl with a mean of 9.8 ± 2.2 g/dl. Platelet count varied between 1000 to 2179000 with a mean of 352632.5 ± 268711.7 platelets. We found thrombocytosis in 24.6% of cases and thrombocytopenia in 15.9%). For diagnostic confirmation, 83.3% of patient went through a conventional karyotype, 12.7% an FISH, and3.2% of cases Convention karyotyping alongside an FISHH. One patient had done an RT-PCR. We counted 23 patients who presented with additional anomalies in their conventional karyotyping at 18.3%. Conclusions: Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia affects the young adult in our setting and is mostly fortuitously discovered. The tumoral syndrome was mostly already present at diagnosis so as anaemia. Additional genetic anomalies were found. A better understanding of this pathology in our setting could help elaborate state guess for sensitisation of the public and health practitioners.
Authors and Affiliations
Ngouadjeu Dongho Tsakeu Eveline, Ngosso Cedric, Ngo Sack Françoise, Chetcha Bernard, Anne Andong Mbong, Mbanya Dora, Ndom Paul
Keywords
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- DOI 10.31254/jmr.2017.3512
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