Clinical and Anthropometric Profile of Congenital Heart Disease in Children Admitted in Pediatric Ward
Journal Title: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY - Year 2017, Vol 5, Issue 5
Abstract
Introduction: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is defined as an abnormality in “cardio circulatory” structure or function that is present since birth; incidence being 8 CHD’s per 1000 live births. Early establishment of diagnosis is important as newer available treatment modalities can significantly decrease mortality and morbidity. With limited resources in developing countries like India, clinical acumen still forms the backbone of diagnosis and later to be confirmed by echocardiography and to deliver the appropriate management at the right time. Materials and Methods: Patients from 1 month to 14 years of age with features suggestive of CHD admitted in Department of Pediatrics, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur, were enrolled during the study period, that is, October 2014-September 2015 who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A standard pro forma was used during initial evaluation to get the detailed history and the clinical examination findings along with chest X-ray and electrocardiogram were evaluated, and clinical diagnosis is ascertained and subjected to two-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation to confirm the diagnosis. Results: We observed that the major types of CHDs were ventricular septal defect (VSD) (33.3%), atrial septal defect (18.2%), tetralogy of fallot (TOF) (15.2%), and patent ductus arteriosus (6.1%). Male-to-female ratio was 2:1. Common symptoms were fever (78.7%) breathlessness (72.7%), fatigue (54.8%), anemia (45.5%), cough (43.5%), poor weight gain (40.9%), recurrent chest infection (34.8%), feeding problems (18.18%), palpitation (21.7%), and bluish discoloration of lips and fingertips (18.18%). Murmur with or without thrill and cardiomegaly was the most important cardiac finding. 54.5% of the study group children had their weight for age below −3 standard deviation. Conclusion: Acyanotic heart diseases were found to be more common than cyanotic disease. VSD was found to be the most common acyanotic disease and TOF was found to be the most common cyanotic CHD. Majority of the children were malnourished and weight was found to be more affected than height in both cyanotic and acyanotic groups. Both height and weight were affected more in cyanotic group when compared to acyanotic group.
Authors and Affiliations
S Karthiga, Shweta Pathak, Monica Lazarus
Keywords
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