Combination of Radiation Therapy and Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Melanoma
Journal Title: Journal of Hematology and Oncology Research - Year 2016, Vol 2, Issue 4
Abstract
Melanoma is considered to be a very aggressive cancer due to its rapid growth, early and multiple metastases and limited response to standard treatment. Many researchers have hypothesized that the combination of radiation therapy and immunotherapy in the treatment of melanoma primary tumors and metastases improves the efficiency of these methods as compared to their use separately. Therefore, combined therapy is an increasingly popular topic in radiation oncology. Although the mechanism of immune response to ionizing radiation remains unclear, known are the factors involved in the immune response, including NK and CD8(+) T cells. Many studies have demonstrated the importance of inflammatory factors, primarily cytokines, in the response to ionizing radiation. In turn, many cytokines released in an irradiated organ, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukins IL1 and IL6 and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), can induce the production of significant amounts of reactive oxygen species that are associated with the induction of DNA damage in tumor cells. In relation to anticancer immunotherapy, the clinical data obtained to date can encourage future studies combining radiation therapy and the inhibitors of cell division checkpoints in the treatment of advanced melanoma. In a recent study, melanoma cell lines became more sensitive to radiation after BRAF inhibition, which provides a potential synergistic mechanism of BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) combined with radiation therapy for better effects of treatment. In this article, we present a systematic review of the literature on the use of the combination of radiation therapy and immunotherapy in the treatment of melanoma.
Authors and Affiliations
Sylwia Szablewska, Magdalena Adamczak-Sobczak
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP250770
- DOI 10.14302/issn.2372-6601.jhor-17-1463
- Views 172
- Downloads 0
Reduced Physical Activity Patterns in Patients with Thalassemia Compared to Healthy Controls
Background: Patients with Thal (Thalassemia) are presumed to be inactive for many of the same reasons as healthy adults, though there are limited published data to support this claim. The primary aim of this study was t...
Drivers and Barriers to Medication Adherence in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia: A Qualitative Study
With the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) have obtained survival rates close to normal. It may appear paradoxical, then, that medication adherence is suboptim...
Haematological Disturbances in Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever - its Pathogenesis and Management Perspectives
Haemorrhage is common to both dengue fever (DF) and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). Thrombocytopaenia is exceedingly common, while prolonged partial thromboplastin time and reduced fibrinogen concentration are the other...
Investigating the Relationship Between Children, Depression, and Pain in Black Women with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)
Medical advances in obstetrics and hematology have encouraged researchers to investigate the reproductive risk in women with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) attempting motherhood. However, few hematological studies have been...
The Bromine, Calcium, Potassium, Magnesium, Manganese, and Sodium Contents in Adenocarcinoma of Human Prostate Gland
Objectives: Adenocarcinoma of prostate is an internationally important health problem of the man, particularly in developed countries. The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate whether significantchanges in the...