Connections between Strength-Speed Task with Different Structure of Movement. Part III
Journal Title: Antropomotoryka. Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences - Year 2008, Vol 17, Issue 41
Abstract
Introduction. Presented paper is the third part of a series study concerning the sexual dimorphism of motor activities conditioned by strength and speed. Striving for simplicity in presentation of relationships between function and structure the analysis was limited to the basic somatic traits as the body mass and height. The review of many reports devoted the evaluation of strength abilities of men and women determined by their body size as well as anatomic condition causing the weaker women’s results in runs, jumps and throws was done.Aim. The basic objective of this study is to recognize the relations between the strength-speed tasks performance and the body build, first of all with reference to the sexual differences with simultaneous consideration of the weight of used equipment and the position (in throws and pushes) by their execution. Additionally to determine the diagnostic values of the indices which are designed for evaluation of the strength-speed abilities.Sample and methods. Data used were several somatic and motor measures of 98 men and 79 women, students of University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, which were presented in first and second part of this study, where also description of motor exercises and calculation of indices was done. Results of statistical data analysis were useful in determination of sexual differences. Three methods by Mollison, Fisher and Penrose were applied. Spearman correlation analysis led to elimination of Mollison’s method as being the least credible. The remaining two methods were completed by percentage proportion of men and women scores.Results. The greatest difference in throw distances were find for one-hand throw of 1 kg ball. Such low scores in women are caused by genetic factors which manifest in anatomic features making difficult to obtain good results in throws. Distinct advantage of men was also noted in ball pushes from in front of chest and from side position.Taking into account the correlations between results of throws and pushes, the gender’s most representative exercises were found by calculation of average values. The highest assessment get exercises performed with the heaviest 3 kg ball. Amid the throw positions the pushes from a chest took top places while forward throws were located among the last places. In all depictions, closer connections were found in women, who preferred the backwards throws. In men, both pushes were preferred, while push from chest occurred convenient for both sexes. It turned out that the scores were influenced moderately by somatic traits. The greater body height was conductive to gain better results of long jump in women and of ball pushes from in front of chest in men. Greater muscularity, connected with bigger body mass, influenced the distance gained in long jump. An increased ability in persons from higher age categories was observed in pushes from in front of chest and forward throws. Comparison of correlation coefficients made possible to evaluate their efficacy. More efficient were indices of spurt force with the highest connections in women. Most valuable exercise was ball push from in front of chest performed with the heaviest ball.Conclusion. From among the used methods of determination of between gender differences, the method of Fisher’s discrimination coefficients seems to be the most reliable. In evaluation of the strength-speed abilities in women the one-hand throws of ball has not to be used because of women’s anatomic conditions. The most valuable in motor ability assessment are exercises with use of the heaviest balls. In women profitable are throws from both positions, while in men such are the pushes. The universal from that point of view for both sexes is a push from in front of chest.
Authors and Affiliations
Adam Haleczko , Leszek Korzewa , Ewa Misiołek , Urszula Włodarczyk
Keywords
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