Deep Brain Stimulation: A New Era in Functional Neuroscience?
Journal Title: Journal of Neurology and Psychology - Year 2013, Vol 1, Issue 1
Abstract
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) evolved from functional stereotactic neurosurgery techniques designed to produce selective lesions of the thalamus and cerebellum [1]. In 1952, Irving S. Cooper discovered the potential of ligation therapy when he unintentionally occluded the anterior choroidal artery, causing a medial globuspallidal infarction, which, surprisingly, alleviated rest tremor, rigidity and contralateral cogwheeling. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, techniques for ablative procedures were refined with much focus on identifying the ideal targets. The motor thalamus and globuspallidusinternus (GPi) were considered the most effective targets [2,3]. In the 1960s, L-dopa became the standard of care for Parkinson’s disease (PD) and the popularity of ablative surgeries significantly decreased. During this time, ablative surgeries were primarily limited to thalamotomy to treat tremor and pallidotomy and thalamotomy for dystonia; they were rarely done to treat PD. However, by the 1980s, the limitations (motor fluctuations and dyskinesias) of L-dopa became apparent and ablative surgeries for PD regained popularity [1,3]. Building on the experience of ablative surgeries, stimulation procedures started to become commonplace in the management of movement disorders by the 1990s. This introduced a new era in functional neuroscience for movement disorders.
Authors and Affiliations
Lin Zhang, Laura Sperry
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP194336
- DOI 10.13188/2332-3469.1000002
- Views 103
- Downloads 0
Biomarker Development for Brain-Based Disorders: Recent Progress in Psychiatry
Biomarkers are biological measures that are indicative of a specific disorder, its severity or response to treatment. They are widely used in many areas of medicine, but biomarker development for brain-based disorders la...
What is the function of the Brain? What does it do and how does it do it? It functions as a Neuroregulator, which continuously regulates the Autonomic Nervous System and Physiological Systems, and enables us to Recognise that Sleep Exhibits the Characteristics of a Neurally Regulated Physiological System
The aim of this article is to provoke further discussion of the mechanisms which the brain uses to regulate the body´s function, in particular the autonomic nervous system. It focuses upon an understanding of the structu...
Implementing Implementation Science: Reviewing the Quest to Develop Methods and Frameworks for Effective Implementation
How to tackle the implementation of Implementation Science is the theme of this discussion. For many of us, Implementation Science itself may need some introduction. Implementation Science is an emerging science explorin...
Silicone Granulomas in the Setting of Acupuncture with Silicone-Coated Needles
Silicone is widely used in various capacities in medicine including aesthetic and prosthetic joint implants as well as in the coating of vials, catheters, drains, shunts, and needles [1]. Silicone-coated needles have bec...
Assessment of Autonomic Function in Patients with Schizophrenia Using Spectral Analysis and Approximate Entropy Method
Objective: Autonomic nervous system involvement in patients with Schizophrenia has rarely been studied and has shown conflicting results. Our main purpose was to demonstrate that the Schizophrenia patients have malfuncti...