Defluorination of Drinking Water
Journal Title: International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development - Year 2021, Vol 5, Issue 5
Abstract
It is generally accepted that a low level of fluorine in mains water 0.4 to 1 mg -¢ L – 1 depending on the climate of the country concerned promotes the formation of tooth enamel and protects teeth from decay. On the other hand, too much fluorine will destroy this enamel and cause a range of endemic type disorders that are generally called “fluoroses- malformed teeth, staining of the enamel, decalcification, tendon mineralisation, digestive and nervous disorders, etc. These problems can appear in individuals for widely variable quantities of the product. Water must be discharged or treated as soon as it contains more than 1 to 1.5 mg -¢ L – 1 of F – . Some natural waters contain more than 10 mg -¢ L – 1 of fluorine. This concentration has to be reduced to approximately 1 mg -¢ L – 1 the acceptable concentration falling as the average annual temperature rises the European standard has set 1.5 mg -¢ L – 1. Many studies have been carried out to address the issue however little success has been reported up to date. Layered double hydroxides LDHs which readily undergo anion exchange reactions have been used as a suitable candidate for defluorination. Also there is regeneration of the material after removal of fluoride ions without releasing flouride ions back in to the water cycle. F elimination using a nanofiltration NF operation will solve problems for large scale pilot plants in the future.Many defluorination projects have significant effectiveness on the prevention of endemic fluorosis. The concentrations of water fluoride were below 1 mg L. Advanced on site methods, such as under sink reserve osmosis units, can remove fluoride but are too expensive for developing areas. Calcium carbonate as a cost effective sorbent for an onsite defluorination drinking water system. Batch and column experiments have been performed to characterize F removal properties. The present review discusses various techniques of defluorination of water. Dr. Atul Kumar Sharma | Dr. Harsukh Ram Chharang "Defluorination of Drinking Water" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46324.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/46324/defluorination-of-drinking-water/dr-atul-kumar-sharma
Authors and Affiliations
Dr. Atul Kumar Sharma | Dr. Harsukh Ram Chharang
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP700008
- DOI -
- Views 61
- Downloads 0
The Effectiveness of Occupational Therapy Based Mindfulness Program on Sleep Quality and Stress Level in Elderly Population
Elderly are more vulnerable to stress and sleep problems than other age groups resulting from declining health and social relationship. The elderly tend to wake up more often during sleeping at night. In order to overcom...
Language Errors in Campus Journalists' News Articles Its Implication to Writers' Interlanguage
This study aimed to reveal the linguistic errors student-writers committed in their news articles. It specifically endeavored to identify and classify the common graphological, lexico-semantic, and grammatical errors in...
To Study the Genomic Fingerprinting of Relatedness in Strains of Bacillus Sp. by RAPD Analysis
"The aim of the present investigation was to study the genomic adaptation of Bacillus sp. isolated from chromium contaminated environment and normal environment. For this purpose ten highly chromium resistant Bacillus sp...
Smart Healthcare A Primer
The emergence of Internet of things IoT , new computing networking paradigms such as cloud computing and fog computing , cloud computing, and machine learning has revolutionized traditional healthcare and led to the dawn...
A Review Paper on Gas Turbine Blade Cooling Methods
For aircraft propulsion, land based power generation, and other industrial applications such as trains, marines, automobiles, etc., gas turbines are commonly used. The operating temperature must be raised to increase the...