Determination of parabens in wastewater and sludge in a municipal wastewater treatment plant using microwaveassisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Journal Title: Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal - Year 2019, Vol 6, Issue 3
Abstract
Background: Due to the complexities involved in the extraction of micropollutants, the information regarding micropollutants like paraben in wastewater and sludge is scarce. The aim of this study was to adopt a microwave-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (MADLLME) method for the extraction of parabens in municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Methods: A mixed stock solution of methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, and butyl-parabens with concentration of 10 mg/mL were prepared in methanol. To validate this method, the limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), linearity, and m/z were measured. To adopt this method in different condition, the effect of pH (3, 7, 9, and 12), microwave power (180, 300, 450, and 600 W), solvent type (methanol, acetone, methanol/water, acetone/water), and 1 g folorisil were assessed. After adopting MADLLME method, the paraben fate of this WWTP was evaluated through mass loading and emission. Results: The optimum performance of MADLLME method was observed at pH = 7, microwave power= 450 W, reaction time = 30 s, and methanol as the solvent. The total concentrations of four paraben metabolites in the WWTP ranged between 2505 ng/L in influent, 1953 ng/L in effluent, and 8.03 ng/g at wet weight sludge samples. The total mass loading and emission of four parabens in this WWTP was 0.672 mg/d/1000 people and 0.186 mg/d/1000 people, respectively. Conclusion: MADLLME method seems to be an excellent alternative, as a green extraction technique, for determining various groups of emerging micropollutants in different matrices.
Authors and Affiliations
Mohammad Mehdi Amin , Majid Hashemi , Karim Ebrahimpour , Afsane Chavoshani
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP675764
- DOI DOI: 10.15171/EHEM.2019.24
- Views 263
- Downloads 0
Phytoremediation by using Atriplex halimus subsp. schweinfurthii as a bio-absorbent of Cadmium in the soil
Background: The problem of soil contamination is a major concern of emerging countries. Heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, and mercury cannot be biodegraded, and therefore, persist in the environment for...
Landfill leachate treatment using a combined method of coagulation, flocculation, advanced oxidation, and extended aeration
Background: Modifying and enhancing treatment methods is essential to meet effluent standards for treating landfill leachate. This study investigated the treatment of municipal solid waste leachate (MSWL) using coagula...
Survey on the quality of outlet biosolids and sludge heavy metals in the wastewater treatment plants of Mazandaran province
Background: Sewage sludge is rich in fecal coliforms, Salmonella, parasite eggs, and heavy metals that can cause disease in humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of outlet biosolids and sludge heavy...
Physicochemical transformation of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles in sea water and its impact on bacterial toxicity
Background: The enormous properties of metal oxide nanoparticles make it possible to use these nanoparticles in a wide range of products. As their usage and application continue to expand, environmental health concerns h...
Health risks of welding fumes: A review to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress levels and trace metals in body fluids of welders
Background: Welding fumes (WFs) contain heavy metals that can induce oxidative stress and health issues in welders. This review investigated the relationship between oxidative stress biomarkers and trace metals in weld...