Abstract

Diabetic ketoacidosis is one of the serious complications of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus which require prompt diagnosis and treatment. It is usually associated with type 1 diabetes. In addition, diabetic ketoacidosis can occur in severe infection, trauma, cardiovascular or other emergencies that lead to catabolic stress in type 2 diabetic patients. Hyperglycaemia leads to osmotic diuresis. The osmotic diuresis is characterized by very fluid loss from the electrolyte. The intravascular volume is reduced. As this condition progresses, kidney perfusion decreases, urinary glucose excretion decreases, hyperosmolarity progressively increases. If hyperosmolarity exceeds 330 mOsm / kg, central nervous system depression and coma may occur. The early introduction of the diagnosis and the onset of treatment immediately lead to a serious decrease in mortality. Treatment is the most important fluid replacement, followed by insulin therapy followed by treatment for ketoacidosis. As the frequency of diabetes is increasing, we would like to draw attention to this complication that every physician may encounter in practice and in mortality.

Authors and Affiliations