Die Unterordnung der Zentralinstitu-tionen Siebenbürgens durch die Habsburger. Die Fürstliche Institution (1688–1791)
Journal Title: Codrul Cosminului - Year 2016, Vol 22, Issue 2
Abstract
The subordination of Transylvania’s central institutions to the Habsburgs. The princely institution (1688–1791). In 1688, after the military occupation of the Principality by Habsburg troops and the acceptance of the Habsburg kings’ suzerainty by the General Assemblies, the institution of Transylvania – which was crystallized in the second half of the sixteenth century –will be confronted with the process of subordination to the Court of Vienna, like all other central institutions of Transylvania. In the case of princely institution, this process takes place in two stages. In the first stage, which starts after the military occupation of the country by the Habsburg troops, and lasts until 1722, the Viennese court endeavors to interrupt the continuity of the exercise of authority by the country’s indigenous princes. To this end the Viennese court prohibited by a clause of the Leopold Diploma (1691) minor exercise by Prince Michael II Apafis until the fulfillment of majority. In order to achieve this, the Viennese Court forbids, by a clause of the Leopold Diploma (1691), the exercise of power for the minor prince Michael Apafis II, until the age of his majority. Thereafter, Prince Michael II Apafis will be removed from Transylvania, having to live in exile in Vienna. After his death, the General Assemblies do not receive the Habsburgs’ permission to choose a new prince. In 1772, by accepting the Pragmatic Sanction by the General Assemblies of Transylvania, the second phase of subordination of the princely institution begins. By this important document, the Habsburgs are recognized by the General assemblies as hereditary princes of Transylvania, which becomes, in this way, a hereditary principality. All Habsburg emperors, starting with Charles VI, will bear the title of a Transylvanian prince. In 1774, Maria Theresa takes another step to ensure and strengthen the title of Prince of Transylvania to the Habsburg dynasty: the General Assemblies are forced to recognize, once more, the Pragmatic Sanction and to give up their right to choose a prince. In 1765, after rising Transylvania to the rank of Great Principality, the Habsburgs will hold the title of Great Princes of the country. Therefore, the Habsburgs had not abolished the princely institution in Transylvania; nevertheless, by diplomatic channels, they removed gradually the country's indigenous princes, and then took for themselves the title of prince. Nevertheless, compared with indigenous princes, which were elected by the general assemblies of the country, the Habsburgs become hereditary princes, leading to the consolidation of power and their position.
Authors and Affiliations
Marinel Ovidiu Koch-Tufiş
Keywords
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