DNA BARCODING AS A MODERN TOOL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Journal Title: Postępy Biologii Komórki - Year 2015, Vol 42, Issue 2
Abstract
Summary: According to various estimates, there are 5 to12 million species in the world, of which only 1.7 million have been identified. They are distinguished on the basis of morphological features, which requires a lot of work and specialized knowledge. That is why scientists made efforts to find a tool which would facilitate this process. They focused on DNA particles, thanks to which many taxonomic connections may be established. DNA barcoding is a relatively new method based on sequencing of specific loci (matK and rbcL genes located in chloroplast genome in plants, COI gene in mitochondrial genome in animals) and then identifying species affiliation with the use of these sequences. Nucleotide sequence obtained by specific primers is shown in the form of a strip resembling a bar code. It enables us to compare and distinguish species between themselves. DNA barcoding has become a basis for creation a database containing the sequences of organisms living on Earth. It will enable us to gather knowledge necessary for their identification. For this kind of studies organellar genomes are mainly used. Because of their structure, organization and rules of inheritance, compared to nuclear genome they are a very important source of information on species affiliation. This study describes characteristics of organellar genomes, as well as methods of obtaining barcodes with their advantages and disadvantages. The aim of the study is to show DNA barcoding as a method which facilitates taxonomic studies and identification of species.
Authors and Affiliations
Lidia Skuza, Katarzyna Demska, Anastazja Adamczyk
Keywords
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DNA BARCODING AS A MODERN TOOL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Summary: According to various estimates, there are 5 to12 million species in the world, of which only 1.7 million have been identified. They are distinguished on the basis of morphological features, which requires a lot...
BARKODING DNA JAKO NOWOCZESNE NARZĘDZIE BIOLOGII MOLEKULARNEJ
Streszczenie: Według różnych szacunków na świecie istnieje 5-12 milionów gatunków, z których tylko 1,7 miliona zostało zidentyfikowane. Rozróżnia się je między sobą na podstawie cech morfologicznych, co wymaga dużego nak...