Dose Dependent Effects of Retinoids on the Heart of Swiss Albino Mice
Journal Title: IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) - Year 2016, Vol 11, Issue 4
Abstract
The specific branch of developmental biology which deals with abnormalities caused as a result of failure of normal pattern of development is referred as teratogenesis. Retinoids are essential for spermatogenesis, oogenesis, placental development, foetal morphogenesis and growth. The role of vitamin A in vision is well known . Active derivative of vitamin A (Retinoids ) play an important and multiple role in Mammalian development and homeostasis (Sapin, et.al. 1997, Dup et al 1997). These essential dietary compounds are needed in very small quantities, they are not synthesized by the animals and are obtained from external sources in the form of β carotene (C40H56). In cells of intestine β carotene is converted into vitamin A alcohol and is transported by blood to liver where it is esterfied and stored as vitamin A palmitate. RA is not stored in liver but is derived from retinal and it is biologically the most potent form of vitamin A. Vitamins are organic compounds which are devided into 2 categories i Fat soluble (A,D,E,K) and ii water soluble (B and C). Vitamin A belongs to fat soluble category of vitamins. A fat soluble substance essential for life was first discovered in egg yolk in 1909 by Stepp (Pawson, 1981; Robert and Sporn, 1984). It was confirmed by Mc Collum Devis in 1913 when he found a compound with similar biological activity in butter fats, egg yolk and cod liver oil and was named fat soluble vitamin A. The development of an organism is a complex process of embryogenesis involving cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and organogenesis. Many agents interfering the development process can cause malformations in the embryo. The study of these congenital abnormalities is called teratology and agents which are responsible for causing these malformations are called teratogens. Susceptibility to teratogens depends on the genotype of the organism, including species as well as strain differences. Etienne Geoffrey Saint Hilaire and his son in 1820 started experiments on chick embryo by disturbing its environment in different ways at different embryonic stages. They found some anomalies like Trioncephally, atrophy of eyes and spina bifida in his experiments (Tuli, 1968). In 1877 Dareste reported found some anomalies like Trioncephally, atrophy of eyes and spina bifida in his Experiments (Tuli, 1968). RA severely damaged skin on later stage ie 11th and 14th day gestation period ,of development , shows disruption and folds of skin look like over varying skin
Authors and Affiliations
Dr Rashmi Sharma, Ashok Gupta
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP385522
- DOI 10.9790/3008-1104021723
- Views 77
- Downloads 0
Evaluation of Possum Scoring in Patients Undergoing Emergency Laparotomy for Hollow Viscus Perforation
Back Ground And Objectives: POSSUM and P-POSSUM equations have been validated and used extensively in general surgery and subspecialties, but its use in emergency setting has not been that extensively studied. Hence the...
Standardization and quality evaluation of herbal drugs
The term “herbal drugs” denotes plants or plant parts that have been converted into phytopharmaceuticals by means of simple processes involving harvesting, drying, and storage. A practical addition to the definition is a...
Seasonal Abundance of Phytoplankton in Relation to PhysicoChemical features of Venkammacheruvu Veeraghattam, Sriakulam(Dist.)A.P, India
Physico-chemical parameters of Venkammacheruvu in Veeraghattam, Andhra Pradesh, have been studied to understand the phytoplankton composition for twelve months (May 2014 to April 2015). A total of 75 genera belongs to fo...
Antidiabetic Evaluations of Different Parts of Vernonia Amygdalina
Aqueous leaves extract of Vernonia amygdalina are used in different parts of Africa for treatment of certain uncomplicated ailments, of which hyperglycaemia is one of the ailments. This study was carried out to evaluate...
Assessment of Airborne Fungi in an Indoors Laboratory Toilet
Fungi are ubiquitous in both indoors and outdoors environment, exposures to them result to allergies, infection and other adverse health conditions. The assessment of indoor fungi prevalent in six toilets (Biotechnology...