Effects of Ethanol Extract of Unripe Annona muricata (l.) Fruits on the Haematological and Histopathological Parameters in Swiss Albino Rats Infected with Salmonella typhi
Journal Title: Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International - Year 2016, Vol 9, Issue 1
Abstract
Background: In addition to the problems of resistance to commonly used antibiotics, toxicity depicts the state of adverse effects caused by the interaction of toxicants with cells. Similarly, blood components are exposed to significant concentrations of toxic compounds as they form the medium for their transport. Aims: To study the effects of ethanol extract of unripe Annona muricata fruits on the haematological and histopathological parameters in Swiss albino rats infected with Salmonella typhi. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology Laboratory, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria, between June 2014 and December 2014. Methodology: Matured unripe fruits of A. muricata were collected, dried, powdered and extracted using 70% ethanol. Eighteen rats of same age between 170-220 g in weight were selected and divided into six groups containing three each. The infectivity dose (ID) was determined using the clinical Salmonella typhi obtained from Don Bosco Catholic Hospital, Akure. The dose of the A. muricata fruit extract (400 mg/kg) used in this study was administered orally for 7 days. At the end of the treatment period, the rats were fasted overnight. Then blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for haematological studies and there after sacrificed. Organs (liver, heart, kidney and spleen) were excised for relative organ weight analysis and histopathological studies. Results: The infectious dose (ID) of S. typhi on experimental rats in this study was 6.8x106 cfu/ml while the weights of liver, heart and spleen in all groups were not significantly different from the control. However, a significant increase in the heart was observed in group given the extract and antibiotics (ciprofloxacin). The Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Haemoglobin (Hb) of rats treated with extract and ciprofloxacin increased significantly (p<0.05) compared to the control while a non-significant decrease was observed in the Red Blood Cell (RBC) of rats administered only extract and ciprofloxacin after treatment. White Blood Cells (WBC) of rats given the extract significantly reduced while there was no significant difference in the lymphocyte count of rat administered the extract of A. muricata and ciprofloxacin. Neutrophils of rats in all groups significantly increased (p<0.05). However, the monocyte and eosinophil level were not significantly different from the control. Minimal disruption and reduction in nuclear clumping were observed in the liver of rats infected/treated with the extract. Similarly, there were prominent improvements in the glomerula architecture as well as the white and red pulp of the spleen after treatment with the extract of A. muricata. Conclusion: The extract stimulated blood production and possessed restorative effect on various organs examined. However, excessive use might be toxic to the heart.
Authors and Affiliations
Olajide Sunday Faleye, Ebenezer Oluyemi Dada
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP342093
- DOI 10.9734/BJPR/2016/19971
- Views 70
- Downloads 0
Development and Validation of UV-Spectrophoto-metric Method for Determination of Palladium Content in Rasagiline Mesylate
A simple, precise, linear, accurate and robust spectrophotometric method was developed for the estimation of palladium content in Rasagiline Mesylate. The proposed method is based on complex formation of palladium with...
Advanced Central Effects of Yohimbine on the Cognitive Function, Psychomotor Performance Task and Working Memory: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Study
Systemic administration of yohimbine lead to powerful anxiety-promoting effects and facilitated long-term performances, due to α2- adrenergic receptor action , while its effect on the extinction of reward-related mem...
Pharmacists’ Perspectives on Self-medication by Patrons of Community Pharmacies in Jos, Nigeria
Self-medication with prescription-only-medicine is an important driver of non-rational use of medicines which is highly prevalent in Nigeria, with implications on patients’ health outcomes. Although high accessibility to...
Screening Potential Inhibitors of 11β-hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 for Antidiabetic Drug Development from TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) Compound Library
Aims: 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1) is an enzyme being responsible for converting cortisone to cortisol which promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver and oppose the action of insulin by directly inhibit...
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Incorporation with Certain Antibiotic Using Gamma Irradiation
Aims: The study was explaining that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized biologically by Bacillus megaterium culture supernatant (as reducing and stabilizing agents) by the optimization of medium components for...