Efficacy of the detection of Legionella in hot and cold water samples by culture and PCR. II. Examination of native samples from various sources
Journal Title: Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine - Year 2012, Vol 19, Issue 2
Abstract
A total of 123 water samples were examined in parallel by culture and semi-nested PCR for the presence of [i]Legionella[/i]. They comprised: 35 samples of hot water distributed by the urban municipal water supply system (MWSS) taken in institutions, 45 samples of hot water distributed by urban MWSS taken in dwellings, 27 samples of cold water distributed by rural MWSS taken in dwellings, and 16 samples of cold well water taken in rural areas. The greatest frequency of the isolation of [i]Legionella[/i] by culture (88.6%) was recorded in the samples of hot water from the urban institutions, having been greater compared to all other sources (p<0.001). The frequency of [i]Legionella[/i] isolation from hot water in urban dwellings (28.9%) was significantly greater compared to the combined value (2.3%) for cold water from rural MWSS and wells (p<0.001). Strains belonging to [i]Legionella[/i] [i]pneumophila[/i] serogroups 2-14 predominated in the examined samples, while strains of [i]L. pneumophila[/i] serogroup 1 and strains of [i]Legionella[/i] spp. (other than [i]L. pneumophila[/i]) were 3-fold less numerous. The rates of positive findings in the semi-nested PCR (stage 2) were greater than culture isolations in all kinds of samples, except for urban institutions. The correlation between the culture and PCR results was positive for samples of hot water from urban MWSS (p<0.01), but not for samples of cold water from rural MWSS and wells (p>0.5). A significant correlation was found between rates of PCR-positive results and numbers of [i]Legionella[/i] pneumophila serogroups 2-14 strains, but not for other Legionella serogroups or species. In conclusion, our results support the opinion that though PCR cannot be a substitute for the isolation of [i]Legionella[/i] by culture, it could be regarded as an useful complementary method.
Authors and Affiliations
Nimfa Maria Stojek, Angelina Wójcik-Fatla, Jacek Dutkiewicz
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP80467
- DOI -
- Views 145
- Downloads 0
Public health hazards in Poland posed by foodstuffs contaminated with [i]E.Coli[/i] O104:H4 bacterium from the recent European out break
Shiga toxin producing [i]Escherichia coli[/i] (STEC) are the most virulent diarrhoeagenic [i]E. coli [/i]known to date. They can spread with alarming ease via the food chain, as recently demonstrated by the large outbrea...
‘TB or not TB?’ Problems of differential diagnosis of cutaneous mycobacteriosis and tuberculosis – A Case Study and interdisciplinary discussion
The diagnosis of cutaneous tuberculosis poses a serious challenge due to many skin diseases of different etiology resembling the lesions caused by the TB (tuberculosis) bacillus, and difficulties in confirming the diseas...
Important phytopathogenic airborne fungal spores in a rural area: incidence of Botrytis cinerea and Oidium spp.
The effects of the climatic changes more and more frequently, favour the emergence and the development of plant diseases. Botrytis cinerea and Oidium spp. spores are often responsible for enormous productivity losses in...
Risk factors for the spread of parasitic zoonoses among dog owners and their families in rural areas
Introduction. Close animal-human contacts are risky for people, especially in cases of any negligence towards proper veterinary care, deworming procedures, as well as human and dog hygiene. Among possible risks there are...
Effects of infrasound generated in urban areas on health of people and animals – an attempt to localize environmental infrasound sources using computer simulations
Introduction. Inaudible but ubiquitous environmental infrasound undoubtedly affects the frame of mind and health of humans. Objective. The object of the study is to prove that civil engineering objects can be sources o...