Еколого-генетичний моніторинг нижньої течії р. Стир за комплексом показників гомеостазу представників батрахофауни
Journal Title: Питання біоіндикації та екології - Year 2016, Vol 21, Issue 1
Abstract
It is known that the performance of biota homeostasis is a reliable and indicative tool for ecosystems' monitoring studies. In particular, batrachofauna representatives are convenient and sensitive objects during the assessment of the status of surface water bodies [1, 2]. The substances of toxic (copper, zinc) and the tropho-saprobic (phosphates, nitrites) block demonstrate the most significant impact on the formation of surface water quality in the lower course of the Styr river basin. This trend is particularly acute in the second reference site which is affected by wastewater. The overall ecological status of the surface water varies from «moderately polluted» to «slightly polluted». We have studied the state of batrachofauna within the three sites: 1 – «Background»: not influenced by anthropogenic stressors; 2 – the area polluted by wastewater from a nearby settlement; 3 – «Baseline»: no sources of anthropogenic load (demonstrating self-purification, i.e. organic matter / wastewater degradation). We have recorded early reduction in the community of batrachofauna in the research sites of the river. In particular, the average values of variability characteristics for the marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus or Rana ridibunda) and the natterjack toad (Bufo calamita) were by 47 % and 51,05 % lower in the second site of the river compared to the sites No 1 and No 3 respectively. The calculation of Margalef and Menhinick's diversity indices allowed us to indicate the general conservation of species richness throughout the year in all sites. At the same time, we have noted dominance increase according to the Berger-Parker index, the marsh frog and the natterjack toad dominated among the five identified species. The stability of individuals' development (II points) coincided for both species within the first control site; this characterized the quality of the environment as «initial deviation from the norm». The second and third control sites demonstrated that the stability of natterjack toad (III and IV points, respectively) was worse compared to the marsh frog: the second site revealed «substantial» abnormalities instead of «medium» ones, and the third site showed «medium» deviations from standards instead of «initial» ones. We have recorded higher values of micronucleus of the epithelial surface (0,45–0,48) and the share of cells with micronuclei attached (17,83 %) in both species within the second test site. This fact confirmed environmental and genetic influence of anthropogenic factors, in particular wastewater. The established correlations of the indicators of animal homeostasis, as well as the quality of the water environment allow us to state that (1) the decrease in the variability characteristics is influenced by the substances of nitrogen and phosphate groups (r = 0,32–0,68), and (2) the violation of morphological and cytogenetic homeostasis of organisms is caused primarily by the presence of heavy metals in water (r = 0,43–0,75). In general, the statistical significance of the correlation dependences of the quality of water environment and homeostasis parameters for the batrachofauna representatives was higher for the natterjack toad species. Hence, assessing homeostasis in vivo for natterjack toad is recommended for use as the diagnostic criteria. In particular, this relates to assessing the stability of organisms' development according to the levels of fluctuating asymmetry of meristic characteristics, as well as micronucleus index, and the share of cells with micronuclei attached to the epithelial surface of animals. Apart from that, such rapid assays reflect the integrated nature of the influence of anthropogenic stressors upon hydro-ecosystem and may reduce material and labour costs for the analytical quality control of surface water. Представлены результаты мониторинга поверхностных вод нижнего течения р. Стырь по популяционным и организмовым реакциями батрахофауны. Установлено, что в условиях повышенной антропогенной нагрузки проявляется уменьшение размерного разнообразия и увеличивается доминантность видов Rana ridibunda и Bufo calamita. Установленные корреляционные зависимости между качеством водной среды и показателями гомеостаза животных доказывают, что уменьшение популяционной вариабельности признаков происходит под влиянием биогенных элементов (r=0,32–0,68), а нарушение морфологического и цитогенетического гомеостаза особей обусловлено содержанием в воде тяжелых металлов (r = 0,43–0,75).
Authors and Affiliations
О. О. Бєдункова O. O. Biedunkova
Keywords
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