Elements of bacterial structure and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance transmission
Journal Title: Medicamentul Veterinar / Veterinary Drug - Year 2015, Vol 9, Issue 2
Abstract
The aim of this bibliographic essay is to refresh the knowledge of veterinarians in the field of therapy and bacterial resistance. Are summarized, in a didactic manner: the bacteria classification, the overall structure of the cell wall, the general characterization of antibiotics, the fundamental modes of action of antibiotics, the main interactions and side phenomena antibiotics and toxic products. Installing and effects of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is presented in detail, being given the basic concepts about resistance mechanisms as: the drug inactivation or misappropriation of the pathway, enzyme target altering or structure, low accumulation of antibiotic resistance in bacterial cells. They are also presented: the natural antibiotic resistance (epigenetic), the gained antibiotic resistance, the genetic adaptation (by mutation and selection) and the genetic acquisition. By means of resistance means all the mechanisms by which bacteria can reduce or total inactivate the antimicrobial activity. In this regard are presented: phases of the resistance installation and antibiotics’ modification / inactivation, not being omitted also the trends in the evolution of resistance to antibiotics and environmental impacts analysis, the results of the imprudent using of the anti-infectives (like veterinary antibiotics in soil and water, the antibiotic resistance in the genetic modiffied crops or the long-term effects on ecosystems) and them consequences.
Authors and Affiliations
Alexandru Doma, Eugenia Dumitrescu, Florin Muselin, Romeo Cristina
Keywords
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