Environmental Friendly Foods in the Cultivation of Floated-Net Cages at Tondano Lake in North Sulawesi Province
Journal Title: Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences - Year 2014, Vol 2, Issue 12
Abstract
The cultivation of Indigo Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) in the floated-net cages is the activity using water body of Tondano Lake. However, it contributes to environmental pollution due to fish food-induced turbidity. Some portions of food are not used by the fish and only discharged to the waters. The objective of research is to analyze the kind and mechanism of environmental friendly feeding with laboratory experiment approach. The analysis is conducted over the nutrient in three types of general food used by the cultivator of Indigo Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) in the floated-net cages along the coasts of Tondano Lake in North Sulawesi Province. The kinds of general foods observed are Food A (Nitrogen 4.62 %, Phosphorus 1.62 %), Food B (Nitrogen 4.75 %, Phosphorus 1.27 %) and Food C (Nitrogen 4.48 %, Phosphorus 1.28 %) at dose 3 % of body weight per day. Food A, Food B, and Food C are not physically different. The laboratory experiment shows that the dissolvability rates of Food B and Food C are lower than Food A. Remnants of Food B and Food C settled on the base of aquarium are still intact. It does not influence or change water quality. Food A settled on aquarium base leaves white grains. Result of experiment indeed shows that physical quality of water for the cultivation of Indigo Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with Food A is more turbid than those with Food B and Food C. Other difference is also found on the feces released by Indigo Fish (Oreochromis niloticus). Fishes fed with Food A have their feces colored white, while those fed with Food B and Food C have their feces in similar color to food color. Results of laboratory analysis at Balai Riset Standarisasi Industri Manado (BARISTAND) indicate that nitrogen rate in the feces of Indigo Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with Food A is higher (0.48 %) than those fed with Food B (0.21 %) and Food C (0.53%). High nitrogen rate in the feces of fishes feed with Food A (0.48 %) means that this Food contributes to the fertility of waters. Result of analysis also indicates that Food B and Food C are more environmental friendly to Tondano Lake environment. The frequency of feeding in the floated-net cages is three times a day which aims to prevent the heavy discharge of foods into the lake. Three-times-a day feeding frequency indeed is also used to anticipate the level of food discharge into Tondano Lake. Environmental friendly methods of feeding in the floated-net cages include surface net and submerged net. Those methods alleviate the input of organic wastes into Tondano Lake such that it can minimize the pollution in Tondano Lake.
Authors and Affiliations
Diane Joula Kusen, Marsoedi ,, Zaenal Kusuma, Zetly Tamod
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP378935
- DOI -
- Views 75
- Downloads 0
Quantitative trait locus detection associated with kernel length in maize
Mo17 and Huanzaosi are two elite maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines, and widely applied in breeding cultivation varieties and realizing genetic mechanism in China. In this presented study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) p...
A Study of Risk Factors and Impact of HAART on Blood Pressure in North Indians Living With HIV/AIDS
Abstract: This study was proposed to assess the risk factors and impact of HAART on blood pressure in HIV seropositive patients. Total 300 HIV sero-positive cases (150 treatment naïve and 150 cases taking HAART); above 1...
Glycosylated Hemoglobin Level and its Correlation with Pulmonary Function Test in Type II Diabetics
The risk of development and progression of chronic complications of diabetes is closely related to the degree of glycemic control as measured by glycosylated hemoglobin level. Glycosylation of tissue proteins occur when...
Modelling the Impacts of Climate Change on the Distribution of Myosorex Varius and its Genetic Lineages in South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland
Abstract: Climate change has been identified as one of the main drivers of biodiversity loss across the globe as it results in alteration of the species habitats. This study investigated the impacts of climate change on...
Seasonal changes in clinical parameters in chronic hemodialysed in Morocco
Abstract: Different seasonal variations in dialytic parameters, especially blood pressure have been observed in different parts of the world. In this study we followed the seasonal variation of a number of clinical param...