Environmental Management and the Cascade of the Dnieper Reservoirs
Journal Title: Проблеми економіки - Year 2014, Vol 2014, Issue 4
Abstract
Based on common approaches regarding to environmental management the research questions the effectiveness of the use of the Dnieper cascade hydroelectric power stations. As an alternative, there is considered the use of flooded areas in agriculture. There is used average productivity per unit of agricultural land and the amount of electricity generated by hydropower plant. In general, in terms of money value of all produced electricity it was approximately 60% of the potential value of agricultural products (in 2010 prices). There is introduced the concept of efficiency in the use of flooded areas as the ratio of the cost of electricity to the potential value of agricultural products. The most effective were the Dnieper reservoirs for which the cost of electricity significantly exceeded the potential value of agricultural products. The least effective were Kiev, Kremenchug and Kakhovka reservoirs, where the efficiency of the flooded area is 25 to 30%. There is given the general scheme of the risks of further use of reservoirs. They can be divided into economic, environmental and man-made. The authors consider the share of the economic component (inefficient use of space). Environmental risk can be a first approximation to estimate the cost of measures to bring the state of the water masses in the reservoir (no flow) to a state of the uncontaminated masses. The greatest difficulty in terms of estimation are technological risks, which are presented in both static (regular maintenance of dams, measures to support the state reservoirs) and stochastic (the possibility of a tsunami) components. If based on the existing world statistics on dam reservoirs disasters, the probability of failure of a separate dam is approximately equal to 0.01%. The situation is made more complex by the presence of 90 million tons of radioactive sludge at the bottom of the Kiev reservoir. In the case of this scenario, radioactive contamination may be subject to 10% of the territory of Kyiv. If considered as a possible solution to the dismantling of the dam, the problem reduces to the standard formulation of income and consumable analysis. It should be emphasized that the degree of depreciation (demolition) will increase the cost of maintenance and the probability of technological hazards, the cost of human life must be taken into account in future studies.
Authors and Affiliations
Andrii Skrypnyk, Olha Holiachuk
Keywords
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