Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Herbal Alternatives Against Enterococcus Faecalis as Root Canal Irrigant: An In-Vitro Study
Journal Title: International Journal of Medical Science and Innovative Research (IJMSIR) - Year 2017, Vol 2, Issue 4
Abstract
Complete elimination of microorganism from the root canal system is the most important objective of the root canal treatment. For many years, intracanal irrigants have been used as an adjunct to enhance the antimicrobial effect of cleaning and shaping of the root canal (1). Irrigants can augment mechanical debridement by flushing out debris, dissolving tissue, and disinfecting the root canal system. Thus, irrigation becomes one of the most important determinant in the healing of the periapical tissues (2). Substantial number of bacteria have been identified in the infected root canal but Enterococcus faecalis which is a gram positive facultative anaerobic bacteria, often survives in the root canal as a single microorganism without the support of the other bacteria and multiply causing infection that stimulates local bone resorption. Enterococcus faecalis is responsible for the failure of root canal treatment and is resistant to calcium hydroxide due to its proton pump. They also have the capability to invade the dentinal tubules and adhere to the collagen in the presence of the human serum (3). A constant increase in the antibiotic resistant strains and tissue toxicity of the conventional irrigants has therefore, prompted researchers to look for herbal alternatives (4), due to their antimicrobial activity, biocompatibility, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties (5). Azadirachta indica (Neem) is a commonly seen medicinal tree in India, which is considered holy. It is well known in India and its neighboring countries for more than 2000 years as one of the most versatile medicinal plants having a wide spectrum of biological activity (6,7) Several pharmacological activities and medicinal applications of various parts of neem are well known (5,7). Interest on this substance is based on its properties like antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic and immuno-stimulant activity (6,7). Furthermore, it also has an anti-adherence activity by altering bacterial adhesion and ability of organism to colonize. It has been shown that neem is highly effective in the treatment of periodontal disease. Its biocompatibility to human periodontal ligament fibroblasts is an important factor favoring its clinical application (6). Turmeric [Curcuma longa] is extensively used as a spice, food preservative and coloring material in India, China and South East Asia. It has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of numerous diseases. A recent report suggested that curcumin exhibits phototoxic effect against gram positive and gram negative bacteria (6,8). Curcumin [diferuloylmethane], the main yellow bioactive component of turmeric has been shown to have a wide spectrum of biological actions, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities (5,8) The aim of the present study was to give a comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of Neem, Turmeric, combination of neem and turmeric, in their various concentrations at varying time intervals against E. faecalis when compared with 2% chlorohexidine.
Authors and Affiliations
Dr. Abhinay Agarwal
Keywords
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