Expressing addressee of communication
Journal Title: Scientific journal «International Journal of Philology» - Year 2014, Vol 1, Issue 206
Abstract
The object of study on the semantic and semantic-syntactic levels of sentence structure is different meanings, modi structures in particular the common feature of which is subjectivity: in the center of attention is the speaker and his attitude to what is stated in the sentence. The relevance of the investigated question is being observed upon the crossing of such fundamental for linguistic science problems, as correlation the categories of modus, the modality status and hierarchy of modal meanings. Revealing of social categories of modus in the sentence connected with the choice of nomination, first of all in naming the participants of communication. Among a considerable number of speech displays of meanings of social categories of modus, the vocative case and address are singled out. The units of the grammatical system of the language, which refer to the sphere of address, appeal and point out the social aspects of speech communication, were considered in different times in different ways.For example, R.T. Bell the psychological content and social status of the speaker connects with index content and points out regulatory information of the address which is connected with the establishment, maintenance and separation of the contact. L.P. Ryzhova emphasizes that the usage of address in different spheres of speech contacts are the result of pragmatic presupposition. Such presuppositions are the role of speakers in speech activity, the degree of psychological proximity or social distance, social status of speech participants, their social status, which is expressed in the meanings of the words that are used in the function of address and indicate the position of the person in the social hierarchy. This class of words is considered to social vocative addresses. The social factors acting in the process of communication are mentioned by linguist L. P. Ryazanova, who singles out seven features of social – psychological meanings of lexical address, in particular, attracts the attention to the formality/ non formality, status certainty/ uncertainty of the speakers. The specific material of epistolary text, it's compositional and the content peculiarities define wide usage in letters of social modus categories with address. On the basis of the social character of the addressee relationship we single out general and special modi with address. General modi with address make easier the process of installation, maintaining and social contacts and successfully applied in any field of speech interaction. From time to time they are used both in formal/ informal spheres of communication. So, modi with Sir/Madam, master, boyfriend/ girlfriend, comrade have an official character and are used to unknown or unfamiliar person and indicate neutral polite or alienated relations. In the letters as for official persons general modi with the word "comrade '' are used, that emphasizes the status of uncertainty to the addresser, long social distance between addressees, for instance. In letters to individuals who are on the high level of social hierarchy, the speech modi with address which were dictated by the rules of speech etiquette of the XVIII - beginning of the XX century are used. Social modi with address Excellency, Lord are status-marked and denote the sign of his high social status of addressee, official tone of the address and reflect the uneven social position correspondence: for instance. Special modi, addressed to the designation of positions, titles of recipients (senders) are used to persons who hold prestigious positions in society. For them, as a rule, general modi of address are used: for instance. Deyksys sign with a combination of special modi is found in the letters to denote the collective addressee – representatives of state organs and is interpreted as the concentration of power in individuals, for instance. Great interest is presented by occasional modi with address, because they do not repeat accepted in the speech etiquette modi, but are created by the authors. In this case neutral words become emotionally evaluable, socially important and give all the communication social colouring, indicating to the social role played by addressers in the society or personal life of an addresser. General and specific modi with address rather often are used in status-marked communication, the characteristic of modi of expression. They are special modi expressing addressee of conversation, the reflection of the content of which is influenced by social factors: social belonging, social status of the addressers; types of relations between them – official / unofficial, subordinate / insubordinate, age, degree of psychological proximity; the tone of communication.
Authors and Affiliations
M Teleky
Keywords
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