Haematophagy and Opportunities for Symbiotic Control of Insect Vectors of Human Protozoan Diseases
Journal Title: International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health - Year 2015, Vol 7, Issue 2
Abstract
Insect vector-symbiotic relationships are widely reported in literature with several microorganisms reported to play a key role in growth, development, survival and evolutionary success of insect disease vectors. Symbiotic bacteria are prevalent in insects like mosquitoes, sand flies, tsetse flies that are known efficient vectors of tropical diseases. Several studies have been undertaken to determine the mechanisms of the insect host-symbiotic relationships with the aim of developing new strategies to control human vector borne diseases. Some bacterial symbionts have evolved together with the respective insect hosts such that the hosts cannot survive without them. This is the basis of an intervention strategy known as symbiotic control. It is a recent multi-pronged approach that targets symbiotic microorganisms to control insect disease vectors and possibly interfere with their vectorial capacity. The strategy is promising and has recently generated a lot of research interest. Three such approaches have been reported and are: the interference and destabilization of microbial symbionts essential for insect vector survival; changing the genetic make-up of symbionts so that they generate and express anti-parasite agents within the insect host; and the introduction of other microorganisms that may eventually negatively affect the longevity and vector competence of the offspring in future populations. The availability of new molecular techniques has made the understanding of symbiotic relationships more clear. With sustained and increasing research interest and recent findings in insect-symbiotic associations, there is high possibility that soon we will have many insect-vector control programs utilizing this information and techniques. In this review we highlight the evolution of blood feeding behavior in insect disease vectors, new findings and developments on microbial symbiosis in mosquitoes, sand flies, triatomine bugs and tsetse flies that are feasible and therefore form basis for formulating symbiotic control strategies for major human insect borne parasitic protozoan diseases: malaria, leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis.
Authors and Affiliations
Mulambalah Chrispinus Siteti, Siteti Darwin Injete
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP342903
- DOI 10.9734/IJTDH/2015/16149
- Views 62
- Downloads 0
A Review on Packaged Drinking Water, Quality Regulations and Public Health: Exploring Potability and Safety Gap Implications for Public Health in Nigeria
Background: Many Nigerians in towns and villages depend on packaged water for their daily water need. Contaminated water is a major source of distribution of pathogens. The increasing prevalence of water borne diseases h...
Prevalence of Ectoparasites of Inmates in the Bamenda Central Prison, North West Region of Cameroon
Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of ectoparasites of inmates in the Bamenda Central Prison, Mezam Division, North West Region of Cameroon. Methods: Three hundred and ninety three (38...
Strongyloides Hyperinfection in Renal Transplant - diagnosis by Endoscopic Intestinal Biopsy
Introduction: Intestinal parasites continue to be a significant health problem in renal transplantation patients. Strongyloides infection is unique that it excretes larvae and can continue life cycle by auto infective cy...
The Prevalence of Malaria Infection among Patients Attending the Health Centre of the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
Aim: This study determined the prevalence of malaria among patients having malaria symptoms that reported for malaria test at the Health Centre of the Federal University of Technology, Akure. Place and Duration of Study:...
Some Haematological Parameters and Immunoglobulin Levels in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infected Patients in Benin City, Southern Nigeria
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection is a major public health challenge in Nigeria. This research aims at determining the effect of MTB infections on some haematological and immunological parameters in MTB patients...