HIV-free survival and morbidity among breast-fed and formula-fed infants and young children in a prevention of MTCT of HIV program in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2014
Journal Title: Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease - Year 2017, Vol 7, Issue 4
Abstract
Objective: To compare the HIV free survival and morbidity of breast- and formula-fed infants and young children of HIV infected women in the prevention of mother to child HIV transmission program. Methods: Retrospective cohort study designs were employed from September 12, 2008 to February 28, 2014 to compare free HIV survival of exposed infants and young children whose age is < 18 months and were on breast-fed and formula-fed. Data were retrieved from 857 randomly selected study subjects (291 formula-fed and 566 breast-fed infants and young children). Morbidity and HIV infection (the counterpart of HIV-free survival) in the two feeding modalities were compared by using Kaplan-Meier time-to-event methods and log rank test was used to compare HIV free survival between the two groups. Cox regression analysis was employed to assess the independent predictors. Results: Overall probability of HIV free survival in formula-fed infants and young children was significantly higher than breast-fed infants and young children (log rank test statistics = 6.13, df = 1, P = 0.013). Breast-fed infants and young children had four (adjusted HR = 3.8, 95% CI 1.3–11.1) times higher risks to acquire HIV infection as compared to formula-fed infants and young children. Mothers who didn’t use any prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV intervention had five fold risk to transmit HIV infection to their infants than their counterparts (adjusted HR = 4.8, 95%CI 1.1–22.5). There was no statistically significant difference in the risk of developing any types of morbidity between the two groups. Conclusions: The 18 months cumulative likelihood of HIV free survival was significantly lower in the breast-fed infants and young children as compared to formula-fed infants and young children.
Evaluation of antihyperglycemic and antioxidant properties of Streblus asper Lour against streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats
Objective: To evaluate antidiabetic and antioxidant role of methanol extract of Streblus asper (S. asper) root bark in Wistar rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced in rats by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozoto...
Red eye in cat lovers: Case series of Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome
Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome (POS) is an atypical manifestation of cat-scratch disease. Many reported cases of POS are secondary from Bartonella henselae but none has been reported from Southeast Asian region. This...
Evaluation of larvicidal efficacy of Cleome viscosa L. (Capparaceae) aerial extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)
Objective: To evaluate the larvicidal efficacy of crude petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone and aqueous aerial extracts of Cleome viscosa against the filarial vector, Culex quinquefasciatus. Methods: Standard World Heal...
Rapid confirmation of drug susceptibility in Mycobacterium tuberculosis using MPT 64 Ag based test
Objective: To evaluate the possible use of MPT64 based rapid test to detect multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) in antibiotic broth dilution cultures. Methods: Twenty five isolates of M. tub...
Molecular characterization of L e i s h m a n i a parasites in naturally infected sand fles from the endemic focus of Kerman City, Southeastern Iran
Objective: To identify the etiological agent, host and vector of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kerman City, Southeastern Iran, using nested PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR techniques. Meth...