Hydrogen peroxide potentiates organophosphate toxicosis in chick
Journal Title: Human & Veterinary Medicine - International Journal of the Bioflux Society - Year 2011, Vol 3, Issue 2
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H[sub]2[/sub]O[sub]2[/sub]) on the acute toxicity of organophosphate insecticides dichlorvos and diazinon and their inhibitory actions on plasma, brain and liver cholinesterase activities. Material and Methods: H[sub]2[/sub]O[sub]2[/sub] was given in drinking water (0.5% v/v) for 2 weeks in unsexed day old chicks, a regimen known to induce oxidative stress in this species. A control group received drinking tap water. All experiments were conducted on the chicks at the age of 15 days after exposure to H[sub]2[/sub]O[sub]2[/sub]. The acute (24 h) oral LD50 values of dichlorvos and diazinon in the insecticidal preparations as determined by the up-and-down method in the control chicks were 9.4 and 15.6 mg/kg, respectively. Results: The poisoned chicks manifested signs of cholinergic toxicosis within one hour after the dosing including salivation, lacrimation, gasping, frequent defecation, drooping of wings, tremors, convulsions and recumbency. The acute (24 h) oral LD50 values of dichlorvos and diazinon in chicks provided with H[sub]2[/sub]O[sub]2[/sub] were reduced to 3.5 and 6.5 mg/kg, by 63 and 58%, respectively when compared to respective control LD50 values. The intoxicated chicks also showed cholinergic signs of toxicosis as described above. Plasma, brain and liver cholinesterase activities of the chicks exposed to H[sub]2[/sub]O[sub]2[/sub] were significantly lower than their respective control (H[sub]2[/sub]O) values by 25, 28 and 27%, respectively. Oral dosing of chicks with dichlorvos at 3 mg/kg significantly inhibited cholinesterase activities in the plasma, brain and liver of both control (42-67%) and H[sub]2[/sub]O[sub]2[/sub]-treated (15-59%) chicks. Diazinon at 5 mg/kg, orally also inhibited cholinesterase activities in the plasma, brain and liver of both control (36-66%) and H[sub]2[/sub]O[sub]2[/sub]-treated (15-30%) chicks. In the H[sub]2[/sub]O[sub]2[/sub] groups, dichlorvos inhibition of liver cholinesterase activity and diazinon inhibition of liver and brain cholinesterase activities were significantly lesser than those of the respective values of the control group received tap water. Conclusion: The data suggest that H[sub]2[/sub]O[sub]2[/sub] may potentiate the toxicity of organophosphate insecticides irrespective of the extent of cholinesterase inhibition, and further studies are needed to examine the role of oxidative stress in this potential toxicity outcome.
Authors and Affiliations
Banan Al-Baggou, Ahmed Naser, Fouad Mohammad
Keywords
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