Immunohistochemistry of the organs of hemopoiesis and immunogenesis of chickens at infectious bronchitis

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Immunohistochemistry of the organs of hemopoiesis and immunogenesis of chickens at infectious bronchitis

Journal Title: Бюлетень "Ветеринарна біотехнологія" - Year 2017, Vol 31, Issue

Abstract

Introduction. Infectious bronchitis of birds recorded in all countries of the world and causes considerable economic losses in industrial and private poultry farms. One of the important problems in the poultry industry remains the choice of optimal bird’s immunization programs against infectious bronchitis of chickens. Diagnostics of viral poultry diseases that used nowadays are time-consuming, insufficiently sensitive and specific.The goal of the work was to determine content, placement and the proportion of subpopulations of CD4+, CD8+, CD45RA+, CD20+-lymphocytes in the hematopoiesis and immunogenesis organs of chickens with respiratory and nephrosonephritis forms of infectious bronchitis.Material and methods. Diagnosis of infectious bronchitis of chickens was established comprehensively, taking into account epidemiological and clinical data, pathological-anatomical changes and results of laboratory diagnosis (IFA, Phragmites). Anatomical, organometric, histological and immunohistochemical methods were used in this work.Immunohistochemistry was performed in the pathomorphology laboratory “CSD”, Kyiv. On histological sections using monoclonal mouse antibodies (Danish company DAKO) showed subpopulations of lymphocytes, which expressed antigenic markers CD4+ (T helper), СD8+(T- cytotoxic cells and normal T-killers), СD45RA+ (naive T-helper cells, B lymphocytes, monocytes) and СD20+ (B-lymphocytes).Results of research and discussion. It was found that in thymus of sick chickens of 40- and 90-days old significant (p<0.001) growth of B-lymphocytes subpopulation with surface marker CD20+ was registered: on the 40th day in 8.74 times, on 90 - in 7.65 times compared with clinically healthy ones. In bursa of Fabricius of sick chickens of 20, 40, 90-days old significant (p<0.001) increase in the number of subpopulations of CD20+ compared to clinically healthy poultry 3.39, of 2.51 and 2.22 times, respectively was observed.The result of a more prolonged course of the disease, as evidenced by immunomorphometric study was the decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes that expressed CD4+ cells.In sick chickens we observed violation of the number of immunoregulatory cells, which indicates the possibility of autoimmune processes development in the long infectious bronchitis of chickens. The disease progressed so index of lymphocytes differentiation (immune) in spleen decreased, indicating the development of immunosuppression chickens sick with IBC.Conclusions and prospects for further research. Subpopulations of lymphocytes with CD4+, СD8+, CD45RA+, СD20+ markers in the organs of immune protection of the sick chickens had certain features regarding their localization and arrangement in different organs and the course of infectious process of the disease. In sick chickens organs of immunogenesis and haemopoiesis discovered the formation of cellular immunity, as confirmed by the increase in the number of cells with CD4+ and CD8+ markers as well as activation of humoral type immune response, as indicated by a significant increase in the number of lymphocyte markers CD20+. While there was a decrease in immunoregulatory index, which is accompanied by active functioning of the immune system in the destruction of foreign antigen. Promising is further study of the content, placement and the proportion of CD4+, СD8+, CD45RA+, СD20+-lymphocytes subpopulations in the organs of haemopoiesis and immunogenesis of chickens of different ages at vaccination against infectious bronchitis.

Authors and Affiliations

Svetlana Guralska

Keywords

chickens thymus spleen bursa of Fabricius cecal tonsils Harderian gland subpopulations of lymphocytes infectious bronchitis.

EP ID EP266030
DOI 10.31073/vet_biotech31-06
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