Impact of Picking Period, Boiling Time, Cooking Temperature and Drying Method on Physicochemical Properties of Shea Butter
Journal Title: IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB - Year 2018, Vol 4, Issue 5
Abstract
To preserve the inherent characteristics of Shea butter during processing and enssure quality during harvesting, storage and drying of the Shea Kernel for better competitive advantage, this study seeks to determine the effects of picking period, boiling time, cooking temperature and drying methods on the physicochemical properties of shea butter. The shea fruits for the shea butter production were picked from the ground as they fell off the shea tree on the first day, third day and ninth day. The fruits were pretreated to remove the sprouted, disease infected and the pulp to get shea nuts. The nuts were subjected to different treatment conditions of drying (sun, traditional oven and rotary dryer drying), boiling (for 30 minutes) and cooking/roasting (at 60 0C). The shea butter obtained from each of the treatment (Drying method) was analysed for the following physicochemical parameters; saponification value, free fatty acid, iodine value, peroxide value, unsaponifiable fraction, Density, refractive index, cetane number and oil content. Picking at the 3rd and 9 th day gives a higher saponification values of 171.8 – 208.8 mgKOH/g. Free Fatty Acid is only affected by mechanical drying which is lowest at 0.17 – 0.35, compared to other methods (0.63 – 1.33). Iodine values in the range of 40.1 – 49.0 g/kg are slightly affected by picking period than by boiling time and cooking temperature. Peroxide value was in the range of 10.2 – 13.3mEq/kg. Unsaponifiable fraction varied from 7 g/kg – 11.5 g/kg.The lowest density of 0.88 g/cm3was obtained from shea nuts picked on the third day and mechanically dried, while the highest density of 0.95 g/cm3 was obtained from shea nuts both the oven dried and mechanically dried and picked on 9th day.shea nuts picked on day 1, without boiling and cooking has the highest refractive index of 1.463 – 1.47, while those picked on the 3rd day for all the drying method has the lowest refractive index of 1.38 – 1.43. As the picking period increases the cetane number decreases. shea nuts mechanically dried gave the highest yield of between 58.3 – 60.8%.
Authors and Affiliations
Saba A. M. , Tsado D. G. , Adamu M.
Keywords
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- EP ID EP415168
- DOI 10.9790/264X-0405016574.
- Views 144
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