Impact of prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV on positivity rate in Kafanchan, Nigeria
Journal Title: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES - Year 2017, Vol 3, Issue 2
Abstract
HIV pandemic is one of the most serious health crises the world faces today. Paediatric HIV is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide as about 700,000 children become newly infected with HIV annually through vertical transmission. Majority of vertical transmission of HIV occur either during pregnancy, delivery or why the infants are being breast-feeding. MTCT can be reduced by use of antiretroviral drugs in women during pregnancy and labour and to the infant in the first 6 weeks of life combined. This study assessed the impact of PMTCT programme on infant HIV positivity rate in Kafanchan, Kaduna state. This was a retrospective review of 276 DNA PCR tests performed for 276 infants (144 females and 132 males) seen at the HIV-exposed infant clinic of General Hospital Kafanchan from December 2009 to December 2011. The babies were those whose mothers received PMTCT interventions as well as those whose mothers had no PMTCT intervention but were discovered to be HIV positive during labour and therefore the mothers and babies received intervention just before and immediately after delivery or discovered when the children or mothers came for immunization or routine medical check-up/follow-up. The mothers of all participating infants completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire which collected information regarding demographics, CD4 testing, ARVs adherence and type of infant feeding. The information from the mothers was cross-checked from their medical records and that of their children. The study found an MTCT rate of 9.1%. This means that the odds of a child being born HIV positive with PMTCT intervention are 9.1%. Four (1.6%) of babies of mothers that reported good adherence had positive PCR results while 244 (98.4%) had HIV negative infants. In contrast, of the 12 mothers that reported poor adherence 10 (83.3%) had positive infants while 2 (16.7%) had HIV negative children. 24 (9.5%) of the infants exclusively breastfed had positive PCR test results while 228 (90.5%) had negative PCR test results. For those formula fed, 1 (4.3%) had a positive PCR result and 22 (95.7%) had negative PCR results. The only child given mixed feeding had a negative result. Furthermore, mothers with CD4 levels greater than 350 cells had 13 (8.5%) HIV positive infants compared to 140 (91.5%) HIV negative infants while those with CD4 levels less than 350 cells had 12 (10.8%) HIV positive children compared to 111 (90.2%) HIV negative childrenThe low rate of MTCT in this study shows the effectiveness of PMTCT interventions. Therefore efforts should be intensified to ensure more access to PMTCT services/interventions for HIV positive pregnant women.
Authors and Affiliations
Omo-Emmanuel , Ughweroghene Kingston1*, Ochei, Kingsley Chinedum 2 , Osuala, Eunice Ogonna3 , Obeagu, Emmanuel Ifeanyi4 and Onwuasoanya,Uche Francisca5
Keywords
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- EP ID EP564649
- DOI 10.22192/ijcrms.2017.03.02.005
- Views 154
- Downloads 0
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