In-vitro Anti-Bacterial Activity of Extracts of Euphorbia abyssinica (Desert Candle) Stem-Bark and Latex
Journal Title: Journal of Advances in Microbiology - Year 2017, Vol 2, Issue 4
Abstract
Aim: This study was aimed at evaluating Euphorbia abyssinica (Desert Candle), a medicinal plant extensively used in folklore medicine among the Kendem people of South-west Cameroon for antibacterial activity and extracts analyzed for phytochemical composition. Study Design: The completely randomized block design was used and data analyzed using of two way analysis of variance. Significant means were separated using Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria, between April 2011 and August 2012. Methodology: Extraction was done using absolute methanol, 50% methanol (in water) and water as solvents. Qualitative analysis methods were used to assay the phytochemical constituents. Agar-well diffusion, macro broth dilution and agar dilution and time-kill assay were the susceptibility test methods adapted. Results: The phytochemical constituents detected were alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates and steroids, and saponins. The 50% methanol extract of the stem-bark was highly active against Staphyloccocus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and compared favorably with the Gentamycin control drug. The inhibition zone diameters (IZDs) obtained with 50% methanol extract measured 23 mm for S. aureus and 19 mm for P. aeruginosa compared to 18 mm achieved with the absolute methanol extract for both S. aureus and P. aeniginosa. For the aqueous extract the overall IZD range of 10±1.60-13±2.16 mm. The susceptibility patterns obtained using both dilutions (agar and macro-broth) methods were similar to that obtained with the agar diffusion method above. S. aureus (with MIC, 10.93±1.00-; MBC, 25-mg/mL, agar dilution or MIC, 3.9±1.60 -, MBC, 12.5-mg/mL, macro broth dilution methods, respectively). It was considered to be the most significantly susceptible bacteria strain tested (significant mean value 3.933), while E. coli was the least susceptible (with MIC, 50±0.00-, MBC, 100-mg/mL, in the agar dilution; MIC, 25±0.00-, MBC, 50-mg/mL in the broth dilution and a significant mean value of 14.70). The stem-bark extracts was also significantly more active than the latex extracts P= .05 with significant mean values of 13.48 and 19.53 respectively. In the time-kill assay, all (100%) the organisms tested were killed by 50% methanol extract of E. abyssinica at concentrations equivalent to 1MIC- 4MIC. Conclusion: E. abyssinica extracts showed considerable antibacterial activity against the bacterial species tested. These findings authenticate the folklore use of Euphorbia abyssinica for broad spectrum treatment of bacterial infections.
Authors and Affiliations
Jacqueline Ebob Tarh, Christian Ukwuoma Iroegbu
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP338120
- DOI 10.9734/JAMB/2017/32277
- Views 99
- Downloads 0
Comparative Assessment of Antibacterial Activity of Chromolaena odorata Leaf Extracts against Selected Clinical Bacterial Isolates
Aim: This research is aimed to compare the antibacterial activities of Chromolaena odorata leaf extracts and some commonly used antibiotics against selected clinical bacterial isolates. Place and Duration of Study: The...
Fungicidal Activity of Some Metallic Ions, Fungicides and Essential Oils for Preventing Biodeterioration of Old Manuscripts
Aims: The main goal of this work to investigate the fungicidal activity of some metallic ions and essential oils which were to be applied as alternative protective of synthetic fungicides for old manuscripts and document...
Chemical Mutagenesis of Bacillus subtilis for Improved Mannanase Biosynthesis
The aim of the present study was to isolate bacterial associated with abattoir waste water, compost saw dust, soil and water samples from Ilaje Lake, Ondo State, Nigeria. The microbial isolates were identified using stan...
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of a Wild Type B. cinerea from Infected Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria sicerari) in China
Botrytis cinerea is an important phytopathogenic fungus that causes diseases in wide range of hosts, including various fruits, vegetables and ornamental plants. In this study, infected bottle gourd was collected from the...
Evaluation of Bacterial Contamination and Safety of Bangladeshi Paper Currencies (Taka) Collected from Various Food Vendors
Aims: Paper currency notes can act as transmission vehicle for microorganisms because of their widespread use and constant exchange from hand to hand. This study aimed at determining the level of bacterial contamination...