Incidence of Hip Dysplasia in Domestic Cats - Study With 86 Animals
Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2018, Vol 9, Issue 1
Abstract
Although a well-studied joint disease in dogs, hip dysplasia (HD) in cats is a relatively neglected condition. There remains some controversy as to the clinical manifestations and incidence of hip dysplasia in domestic cats. The clinical manifestations in cats differ from those in dogs - the literature indicates that the main clinical signs are reluctance/ difficulty jumping. There is, therefore, great interest in identification of clinical signs to allow early diagnosis and treatment to avoid chronic problems. As in dogs, definitive diagnosis in cats is by radiographic examination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of hip dysplasia in adult cats using radiographic examination and to correlate radiographic findings with Norberg Angle. Eighty - six cats over one year old were evaluated in which the Norberg angle, articular and morphological alterations were evaluated. Thirty-five (35/86) cats showed some sign of discomfort during physical examination. Nine owners (9/56) of the incongruent cats reported some behavioral changes during anamnesis. The results of this study suggest that there is a high incidence of feline hip dysplasia in this study and the Norberg Angle should be used in conjunction with other findings in the diagnosis of hip dysplasia.Great advances have been made in feline medicine in the last twenty years. As a consequence of better care and early recognition of illness by owners, cats are now more healthy and are living longer [1] . Joint diseases have been widely studied in dogs, but less so in cats [2], because it was thought feline arthroses were rare [3]. Joint disease is now more often diagnosed in cats [4,5] and is thought to be responsible for chronic pain in many untreated cats [6], directly altering their quality of life [2]. Although the general principles of orthopedics are the same for any species, the anatomy, function [1] and behavior of cats does differ from that in dogs [3]. Hip dysplasia is the abnormal fit of the acetabulum and femoral head, and is usually bilateral. It starts with varying degrees of looseness of the surrounding soft tissues, articular instability, and deformities of the femoral head, neck and acetabulum that result in osteoarthritis [7]. In cats it was first described in Maine Coones but is also reported in Persian and exotic breeds [8]. In a study including a variety of different breeds, an incidence 6.66% of hip dysplasia (HD) was reported [9]. It is likely that this low incidence of HD in cats compared to dogs is a real finding based on the fact that it is often diagnosed incidentally on radiographic examination [1,10]. The low incidence in this species may be associated with its small and varied genetic heritage [1]. However, higher incidences of HD were observed by [11] and Medeiros Junior et al. [12] who reported incidences 32% and 40%, respectively. Clarke and Bennet in 2006 also reported that HD represents 22% of cases of pelvis osteoarthritis in cats. In cats, HD is usually mild and bilateral, and there are fewer radiographic signs of degenerative joint disease than in dogs [11]. Clarke and Bennett [4] reported that the hip osteoarthritis is common in cats, affecting 48% of dysplastic animals; although in most cases there were no clinical signs of HD.
Authors and Affiliations
Ana Carolina Valentim Hespanha, Danilo Marques, Ana Carina Saito Silvestre, Paula Fratini, Jose Fernando Ibanez
Keywords
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- EP ID EP591116
- DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.09.001731
- Views 193
- Downloads 0
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