INDIVIDUAL HAPPINESS IN TERMS OF PROCESS NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
Journal Title: Acta Neuropsychologica - Year 2011, Vol 9, Issue 1
Abstract
[b][/b][b]Background. [/b]The aim of this work was to discover what happiness means to a sample of healthy persons as compared to persons with brain and spinal injury resulting from an automobile accident. [b]Material/Methods.[/b] Altogether 800 participants were examined; 300 (group A) were students, another 200 (group B) were persons randomly met by the authors in different social situations, and another 300 (group C) were patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) or spinal cord injury (SCI). The Individual Happiness Scale was used in the study.[b]Results.[/b] The great majority of participants found themselves generally happy, with healthy participants marking higher scores and disabled participants lower scores. Total happiness was most often understood as having a goal in life, a feeling of achieving the goal, and a close relationship. Losing a close partner was the main reason for unhappiness, along with loneliness, lack of love, lack of friends, loss of house or job, or being expelled from university. In group C, sickness, disability, pain and a feeling of insecurity (anxiety) related to death or dependence on others were listed as causes of unhappiness more often than in other groups.[b]Conclusions[/b]. Disabled people feel subjectively less happy than students and random adults. Happiness can be understood as the fuel for human development (ontogenetic view) and evolution (phylogenetic view), whereas unhappiness supports the process of disorganization, entropy and involution.
Authors and Affiliations
Maria Pąchalska, Marta Ziółkowska
Keywords
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