Integrated ScIence teachIng by applyIng dIdactIc dIfferentIatIon: Some actual cIrcumStanceS
Journal Title: Problems of Education in the 21st Century - Year 2009, Vol 13, Issue 6
Abstract
The discussion about integration cannot dispense with antithesis (differentiation) which is also of high importance. The default of it is a fairly serious lack of comprehensive school. Both processes have to follow each other as this is the most plausible way of human understanding and knowledge improvement (Vaitkevičius, 1979). A public knowledge is always wider than personal information. Ipso facto human cognition and public experience are not differentiated. Teaching constricted by undivided educational drafts and curricula frequently ignored personal schoolchildren’s qualities. Pupils unable to satisfactorily adopt teaching material are overloaded while others state that such load is insufficient. This is why a general background of a number of learners recedes and the motivation of all pupils decreases. Research indicates that genetically all people differ. Genetic inequality most frequently determines the child’s abilities. Natural differences are highlighted by a different situation of upbringing and an environment.� Teaching material is imparted insomuch that all learners should be offered suitable opportunities to develop skills during the class. The objective can be reached by maximum solidification of the child’s self-sufficiency and his/her personal free choice to learn what, how and how much s/he wants. Raising distinctive claims to all pupils, information should be given expediently and definitely. All schoolchildren should achieve at least minimum level (should get satisfactory evaluation) and all willing, engaged and skilful pupils could reach much more. The system of evaluation is not important (a five point, ten point etc. system). One purpose is clear – it also should be differentiated. Hence, it is clear that integrated teaching seeks the highest level of knowledge and differentiated teaching points out to every schoolchild. It is obvious, that the main aim of differentiated teaching is to create grounds for the childs structural type of thinking, to form possibilities for a learner to master knowledge according to the degree of abilities (individualized teaching) while teaching separate subjects (subject teaching). The application of differentiated teaching seeks to develop powers of learners. Differentiation can be comprehended and defined in the following two ways: first, as a result of spliting a particular whole into segments, levels etc. or, second, as the formation of new qualitative connections between the separate components of the system due to processes of integration. In the latter case the system acquires a new quality – it becomes more complex. Finally, I want to underline that differentiated teaching (or personalized, individual etc. teaching and learning) is a key component of future teaching/learning process.
Authors and Affiliations
Vincentas Lamanauskas
Keywords
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