Is there any Association between Serum Lipids and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Ghana?
Journal Title: International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health - Year 2014, Vol 4, Issue 4
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the association between serum lipids and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetic subjects. Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Diabetes and Ophthalmology units of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana, between September 2011 and June 2012. Methodology: Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were assessed in 251 type 2 diabetic mellitus patients. Diagnosis and classification of diabetic retinopathy was based on dilated ophthalmoscopy. Classification of lipid abnormalities was done according to the National Cholesterol Education Programme-Adult Treatment Panel 111 (NCEP-ATP111) Guidelines. Results: Among 251 type 2 diabetic mellitus patients, 41.0% had retinopathy of which 31% were of the non-proliferative type and 10% were proliferative. The mean ± SD age of the diabetics with retinopathy was 52.64±11.80 years; their mean duration of diabetes was 17.69±4.06 years. Subjects with DR were older (P<0.001), had longer duration of diabetes (P<0.001) and higher fasting blood glucose (P<0.001) than those without DR. HDL-C level (P=0.016) was lower, and TC (P<0.001), TG (P<0.001) and LDL-C levels (P<0.001) were higher in subjects with diabetic retinopathy (DR) compared with those without diabetic retinopathy. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that unadjusted TC (odds ratio [OR] 3.57 [95% CI 4.471-12.26] P<0.001), TG (odds ratio [OR] 2.25 [95% CI 1.54-3.2] P<0.0001), HDL-C (odds ratio [OR] 0.664 [95% CI 0 .471- 0.938] P=0.020), and LDL-C (odds ratio [OR] 2.97 [95% CI 2.22-3.96] P<0.001) were associated with DR. After adjusting for age and duration of diabetes, only TC (odds ratio [OR] 4.00 [95% CI 1.12-14.25], P=0.032) maintained a significant association with DR. However, after adjusting for fasting blood glucose (FBG), the association of TC (odds ratio [OR] 30.73 [95% CI 0.018-53.68] P=0.36) with DR lost its significance. Conclusion: Our analyses suggest that there is no significant association between serum lipids with DR in Ghanaians patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, further studies are needed to confirm this finding.
Authors and Affiliations
Ilechie A. Alex, M. B. Adinortey, S. Lartey, I. Amponsah, S. B. Boadi-Kusi, E. K. Abu, F. Owusu Banahene, C. Okoh
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP342838
- DOI 10.9734/IJTDH/2014/4183
- Views 63
- Downloads 0
The Epidemiology and Health Burden of Neurocysticercosis in Nepal
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a public health burden in Nepal. In patients burdened by this disease epileptic seizures are common. Computerized tomography scan (CT-scan) and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are...
Effect of a Cognitive-behavioral Program on Adherence to Antihypertensive Therapeutic Regimen in Older Adults: A Quasi-experimental Study
Aims: To determine the effect of a cognitive-behavioral program on adherence to the antihypertensive therapeutic regimen of the elderly. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: It was perform...
Clinical and Laboratory Profile of ARV Naive HIV Infected Children in the Era of Highly Active Anti-retroviral Therapy in Enugu, South-East Nigeria
Background: HIV/AIDS is one of the most dynamic epidemic infectious diseases. An estimated 1000 children are newly infected with HIV every day, most of them in sub-Saharan Africa. They often present with various clinical...
In-vitro Susceptibility of Candida Pathogens Isolated From Clinical Specimens to Available Antifungal Agents in Nigeria
Aim: To characterize clinical isolates of Candida species from a tertiary hospital in South West Nigeria and also to determine their susceptibility to antifungal agents in order to guide in the course of empirical treatm...
Gastrointestinal Helminth Infections in HIV Seropositive and Seronegative Patients in Dschang, Cameroon
Background: Helminth infections are widely spread around the world and constitute a major public health problem. They present one of the most common parasitic infections worldwide with a greater proportion occurring in t...