Magnesium Deficiency Results in Oxidation and Fragmentation of DNA, Down Regulation of Telomerase Activity, and Ceramide Release in Cardiovascular Tissues and Cells: Potential Relationship to Atherogenesis, Cardiovascular Diseases and Aging
Journal Title: International Journal of Diabetology & Vascular Disease Research (IJDVR) - Year 2016, Vol 4, Issue 2
Abstract
There is a growing awareness that dietary deficiency of magnesium is becoming a serious problem, particularly in the Western World. Disturbances in diet are known to promote lipid deposition in the arterial walls and accelerate growth and transformation of smooth muscle cells in vascular walls which are linked to dietary deficiency of magnesium. The myocardial level of Mg has consistently been observed to be lowered in humans dying from IHD and sudden-cardiac death in soft-water areas than in those people living in hard-water areas. Use of specific Mg2+ ionselective electrodes has been useful, clinically, to reveal serious underlying Mg- deficient states in patients presenting with various cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Mg deficiency (MgD) is associated with pathophysiological and biochemical alterations characteristic of aging cells and tissues which are related to upregulation of enzymes in the sphingolipid pathway and release of cytokines,ROS, NOS, activation of NF-kB and proto-oncogenes, resulting in cellular production of free ceramide, p53, and disturbances in cell cycle kinetics of vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle cells. The consequences of MgD lead to oxidation and fragmentation of DNA and inflammation in cells of the cardiovascular system, phenomena characteristic of atherosclerosis, aging, and CVD. We suggest that MgD states are genotoxic and, thus, one or more cell types (e.g., cardiac, endothelial and/or vascular) could be modified and affect one or more genes and cell phenotype, as is found in atherogenesis, representing epigenetic cell-induced changes. Supplementation of drinking waters (including beverages) is recommended in order to prevent and reduce CVD.
Authors and Affiliations
Burton M. Altura
Keywords
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- EP ID EP198873
- DOI 10.19070/2328-353X-1600011e
- Views 84
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