Management of hypertension in pregnancy: A review
Journal Title: Journal of Pharmacy Research - Year 2011, Vol 4, Issue 5
Abstract
Hypertension in pregnancy is the most common cause of maternal death, with a risk of approximately 10 deaths / million pregnancies in the UK. Hypertension in pregnancy is also the most common cause of stillbirth and neonatal death. Globally, hypertension is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In around 5% of people with hypertension, the high blood pressure is explained by underlying renal or adrenal diseases. In the remaining 95%, no clear cause can be identified. Such cases of hypertension are described as “essential” or “primary” hypertension. Hypertension may be the first sign of impending pre-eclampsia which is responsible for one sixth of all maternal death. Management of hypertension in pregnancy aims to protect the mother from the effects of high blood pressure, prevent progression of the disease and occurrence of eclamptic convulsions, minimize risks of the foetus, and lastly deliver the foetus when the risk to the mother or foetus, if the pregnancy continues, outweighs the risk of delivery and prematurity. Many pregnant women may be mildly hypertensive (<150/100 mmHg), but treatment may not be required, as they have a low absolute risk of developing pre-eclampsia. Antihypertensive drugs are given to protect the mother –usually against the risk of stroke, although they have a limited effect on the progression of pregnancy induced hypertension or the development of pre-eclampsia. The ultimate treatment of pregnancy induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia is delivery –mainly when the foetus is in enough mature stage for the neonatal care facilities. On the other hand, pregnant women with essential hypertension, at risk of developing pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction, need close management, including frequent blood pressure checks and assessment of foetal growth and antihypertensive therapy.
Authors and Affiliations
Datta Debranjan*1, Concessao Lavina Preethi2
Keywords
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