Maternal Diabetes Mellitus – Risk Factor for Fetus and Infant
Journal Title: Journal of Endocrinology and Diabetes - Year 2018, Vol 5, Issue 3
Abstract
Diabetes during pregnancy may occur as pregestational or gestational diabetes mellitus. Throughout gestation there is a close relationship between maternal and fetal blood glucose concentrations. Maternal hyperglycemia leads to hyperglycemia of the fetus, stimulating the fetal pancreas to synthesize excessive amounts of insulin. At the time of delivery, after separation of the placenta, the flow of glucose to the newborn that is appropriate for hyperglycemia is suddenly interrupted. Excessive insulin production in the fetus in response to maternal hyperglycemia can cause severe hypoglycaemia during the neonatal period. It is a very common complication of maternal diabetes. In healthy children during the first 4-6 postnatal hours there is a physiological decrease in glucose level - from the mother’s blood level to about 2.5 mmol / l (45 mg / dl). This is related to still not fully developed adaptive mechanisms. There is strong evidence that good glycemic control is essential for an optimal outcome of pregnancy in diabetic women. Despite advances in perinatal care, infants of diabetic mothers remain at risk for a multitude of physiologic, metabolic, and congenital complications such as preterm birth, macrosomia, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hyperbilirubinemia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and congenital anomalies, particularly of the central nervous system.
Authors and Affiliations
Lorenc A, Otto-Buczkowska Ewa
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP334182
- DOI 10.15226/2374-6890/5/3/01107
- Views 99
- Downloads 0
Diabetes, Hypertension, Arthritis and other Chronic Non-communicable Diseases in an English-Speaking Caribbean Nation: A Health Perspective
Introduction: Four (4) in every five (5) people in the developing world die from chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs); yet the literature has few studies on the health status of those with these conditions. This stud...
Phenotypical Classification of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Obesity is believed to be the major contributing factor for type 2 diabetes. Obese subjects have 2-3 fold higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Obesity in type 2 diabetes increases the risk of hypertension, dyslipid...
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Risk Factors in Medical Students of Universidad Central Del Ecuador
Introduction: There is evidence that obesity increases cardiovascular risk and Metabolic Syndrome (MS) in children, adolescents and adults. Inflammation plays an important role in the development of these diseases. Today...
Extra-Skeletal and Endocrine Functions and Toxicity of Vitamin D
During the past 15 years, the knowledge related to vitamin D has markedly expanded, especially with reference to the hormonal and extra-skeletal effects of vitamin D. The understanding of the biological and physiological...
Topiramate Protects Pericytes from Glucotoxicity: Role for Mitochondrial CA VA in Cerebromicrovascular Disease in Diabetes
Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus causes oxidative stress and pericyte depletion from the microvasculature of the brain thus leading to the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) disruption. The compromised BBB exposes the brain to...