Mechanistic Understanding of Antioxidants Impact on Cognitive Function in Geriatric Canines
Journal Title: Advances in Food Technology and Nutritional Sciences - Open Journal - Year 2018, Vol 4, Issue 2
Abstract
Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) is a collection of symptoms, or behavioral changes, described specifically in dogs of advanced age unrelated to any other diagnosable illness. Symptoms may include an altered sleep-wake cycle, newly developed destructive behavior, inappropriate elimination, excessive vocalization, pacing or wandering, and altered social interaction with the owner.1-4 In regards to aging, the brain is one of the most susceptible tissues in the body because of its high oxygen requirement, poor endogenous antioxidant capacity, and limited regenerative ability.5,6 A number of pathologic changes have been identified in the aged canine brain, many of which have also been described in humans diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As a result, the dog is often used as a high-relevant comparative animal model for studies on AD in humans.7-9 The most commonly recognized changes in the canine brain include decreased total brain volume (or atrophy), enlargement of the lateral ventricles, choroid plexus, meningeal and vascular fibrosis, neuronal loss, decreased neuronal regenerative capacity, lipofuscin buildup, intracytoplasmic inclusion formation, and diffuse β-amyloid plaque formation–specifically in the frontal cortex and hippocampal regions.5,7,10,11 Several studies have suggested a significant correlation between β-amyloid deposition and the severity of cognitive dysfunction in aged canines4, similar to that which occurs in humans with Alzheimer’s disease though the exact mechanisms between these changes and the development of cognitive dysfunction syndrome in canines is yet to be fully established.5 However, it has been shown that oxidative damage to lipids and proteins due to reactive oxygen species increases in the brain with age.12 As a result, diets fortified with antioxidants may help to prevent and/or mitigate some of these destructive changes, thus decreasing the incidence and/or severity of cognitive dysfunction syndrome.1,4
Authors and Affiliations
Sami Dridi
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP525034
- DOI 10.17140/AFTNSOJ-4-e014
- Views 152
- Downloads 0
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