MORAL-ETHICAL PARADIGM OF THE GENDER-ROLE SOCIALIZATION OF YOUTH IN 20TH-30 YEARS OF THE XX CENTURY
Journal Title: Актуальні питання гуманітарних наук: Міжвузівський збірник наукових праць молодих вчених Дрогобицького державного педагогічного університету - Year 2018, Vol 18, Issue
Abstract
Political-ideological discourse of the 1920s was based on Marxist ideas that living conditions and material world determine human’s consciousness. Therefore, the reform of housekeeping and along with it the renewed relationship between men and women – as was assumed then – was of political significance, and in this regard, the discussion of such “private topic” as the relationship between the sexes, matrimonial issues, was of interest to many leaders of the party and the government of both sexes – L. Aksel’rod, I. Armand, M. Bukharin, P. Vynohrads’ka, O. Kollontay, N. Krups’ka, A. Lunacharsky, D. Riazanov, S. Smydovych, L. Trots’ky, Om. Iaroslavsky and others. The main shared point of almost all Bolshevik ideologists is impossibility of preserving the former forms of family-marriage relations “based on bare economic calculations”, necessity to create a new household life, a new family, new relationships, based on “spiritual closeness”. It was shown that in the post-revolutionary Soviet country there were serious problems in the field of gender morality. The massive process of rejecting traditional family norms, which began at the beginning of the 20th century, has multiplied many times in a country that has survived several years of war, which has entered the path of total social reform. Moreover, a certain part of the population, especially urban youth, considered that "free love" is part of the revolutionary process of dismissal, including the generally accepted norms of human relationships. The author cites numerous facts about the situation in 1920s, when the authorities attempted to instill in the society absolutely new, socially and never tested, radical ethical ideas and norms of morality ("socialization of women", "free love", "socialization of children"). On the background of devastation and hunger, an unprecedented increase in divorce, abortion, prostitution and homelessness. As a result, in the public consciousness there was a fairly rapid rejection of this kind of ideas. The article shows that the problem of sexual morality in the first half of the 1920s was considered by the authorities through the prism of class membership: all negative manifestations belonged to bourgeois remnants, and the communist ideal was associated with "proletarian morality". There were many reasons for the post-revolutionary ease of morality: instability of life, civil war, economic distress, early teenagers adolescence, a new and not always clear view of women's position. At the same time, the sexual behavior of people in the late 20-s of the XX century, both in Europe and in America, became less restrained, and this was accompanied by changes in fashion, dance, clothing. There was a separation of sexual behavior from reproductive. The author notes that during discussions on ethics of gender relations, some party leaders believed that a large number of issues related to gender theories, which are mostly hypotheses, are often arbitrary, derives from personal needs. It is precisely because of the desire to justify, before bourgeois morality, its own abnormality or excessive sexual life and create tolerance to itself. All of this arose due to the fact that certain people wanted to use the results of the revolution immediately. In some circles, the notorious theory of "glass of water" becomes popular, according to which the satisfaction of gender needs in Soviet society should be as easy as drinking a glass of water. Party ideologists recommended in this case, the Soviet youth sublimate sexual energy in a different direction and engage not in love, but sports, gymnastics, swimming, excursions, physical exercises.
Authors and Affiliations
Oksana ONYPCHENKO
Keywords
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