Develop and Apply Water Quality Index to Evaluate Water Quality of Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Iraq
Journal Title: International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) - Year 2013, Vol 3, Issue 4
Abstract
This study is an attempt to develop Iraqi river water quality index (IRWQI) which can be applied to evaluate the general water quality of the main Iraqi' rivers (Tigris and Euphrates) in its entire stretch for public uses. The index proposed in this work is composed of seven measurable parameters: total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate (NO3) and phosphate (PO4). IRWQI is a mean to summarize large amount of water quality data into simple terms (e.g., good or poor) for reporting to authorities management and the public in a consistent manner. IRWQI can be effectively used to evaluate the spatial and temporal variations of surface water quality in the two main rivers. Calculation of water quality rating (sub-indexes) were based on giving a rating scores of 100, 95, 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10 and 5 corresponding to the 5th, 10th, 20th, 30th, 40th, 50th, 60th, 70th, 80th, 90th, 95th and 99th percentiles, respectively to long term parameter observations. The associated best-fit formulas to each parameter rating curve were used to calculate aggregated index. The unweighted harmonic square mean formula, as a method to aggregate sub index results, has been suggested. This formula allows the most impaired variable to impart the greatest influence on the water quality index and will pose differing significance to overall water quality at different times and locations. The IRWQI developed was applied to seven selected sampling stations (T1 to T7) along Tigris river, six selected sampling stations (E1 to E6) along Euphrates river and one common selected sampling station (ET) after meeting of Tigris with Euphrates at Al Qurna. The results showed that water quality varied from very good to very poor range. In general the water quality was degrades downstream. Tigris water quality better than Euphrates water quality. There was no large different in water quality between dry season and wet season where engineering controls on the rivers have greatly reduced their seasonality.
Authors and Affiliations
Dr. Sabah Obaid Hamad Al-Shujairi
Keywords
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